Hugh Munro, Jr.

Notes:

!An interesting addition to the preceding family group is the documentation of the life of Hugh Munro or "Rising Wolf" of the Blackfeet indians in the Centennial Canadian Issue (No. 10. 1967) of the Clan Munro Magazine from Scotland. J. W. Schultz wrote two books* on the life experiences of Rising Wolf (Hugh Munro) from direct acqauintace with him in his later years. Hugh states he spent his early years roaming the outdoors near his Quebec home, spending only enough time at his studies to learn to read and write. At 15 years of age he joined the Hudson Bay Company as an engage' and journeyed west. He never returned to eastern Canada or saw his family again.
There are a number of his descendants among the Blackfeet Indians; a grandson, William Jackson, was a scout for Custer, later becoming a partner of the author Schultz.

Schultz states in his narrative of Hugh Munro's second year with the Blackfeet (RED CROW'S BROTHER, James Willard Schultz, Houton Mifflin Co, 1927) the following about the Glacier Park area: ...We came to a beautiful lake, the second one of the lakes of Two Medicine Lodges River. At its head was a pine-clad, steep mountain which Red Crow said was named Rising Bull. It did have the appearance of the sharp back of a buffalo getting up onto its feet. (1) And just to the north of us was another and still higher mountain, of reddish rock, which was I-kot-ei Is-tuki (Red Mountain), one of the great peaks of the range. (2)

(1) Later named Sin-o-pah-ki Is-tuk-i (Fox Woman Mountain). Fox Woman was the faithful wife of Rising Wolf (Hugh Munro) (2) In 1896, after our old friend died, and we buried him in the Two Medicine Valley and in sight of this mountain that he loved so well, we named it for him: Rising Wolf Mountain.

George Bird Grinnell, who wrote many articles and books about his experiences with the Indians, also was also a friend of Hugh Munro. In his book PAWNEE,

BLACKFOOT AND CHEYENNE (Scribner's 1913) he related the following about lakes in the Montana mountains (Glacier Park):
This region is known throughout northern Montana as the St. Mary's Lake country. In a narrow valley running back into the mountains lie two great lakes, the upper about 12 miles long, and the lower seven. These are enlargements of the St Mary's River, a branch of the Saskatchewan. Here, forty-eight years ago (about 1837), Hugh Monroe [sic], a devout Catholic, assisted by a party of Kootenai Indians, set up on the shores of the lower lake a great cross made of two pine trees, and called the lakes St. Mary's.

BIO:HUGH MUNRO, JR - HIS EARLY YEARS IN L'ASSUMPTION

BIO:LA PAROISE DE L'ASSUMPTION - REPERTOIRE DES BAPTISMES 1724-1800 Publication # 17 (1981) LaCentre de Genealogie S.C. Ottawa, Canada Children of Hugh and Angelique Munro:

TBL:#6318 MUNRO, HUGH Born: 25 Aug 1799 Baptised: 26 Aug 1799

BIO:BAPTISMS, MARRIAGES AND SEPULCURES of PAROISE St. Surplise, L'Assumption de la Vierge Marie, de Montcalm, Quebec; diocese of Montreal, Quebec. (1724-1876) Mf # 1018241, SLC, UT 1994 VBM

TBL:BAPTISM: de Hugues Munro: Le vingt Six Aout mil Sept Cent quatre vingt dix neuf par moi Fretere Soussigne a ete Baptiste hughes ne' hier de legitime Mariage de Monsieur hughes Munro, Merchand et da Dame Angelique Leroux les fere et Mere de cette Paroisse. Le Larein a ete' Monsieur Charles Dorion et la Mareine Marguerite Dorion. Les quels out Signe avec vour ainvique le Fere present. deap mot interlique's et deux ralure valable. [Signed] Hugh Munro Charles Dorion Marguerite Dorion

*James Willard Schultz, "Rising Wolf, The White Blackfoot: Hugh Munroe's Story of His First Year On The Plains", "Red Crow's Brother: Hugh Munroe's Story of His Second Year On The Plains", Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, N.Y., 1919 & 1927. In 1951 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released part of his story adapted as the Western "Across The Wide Missouri" with John Hodiak as Hugh Munro.

BIO:Biographical information of Hugh Munro is mainly contained in the volumes on the Blackfeet Indians written by James Willard Schultz who was a contemporary of Hugh in the last two decades of his life. Schultz describes Hugh as: "slender, but not tall with brown hair and blue eyes." (The blue eyes are a legacy still seen in various present descendants!) He records the following from his conversations with Hugh "Rising Wolf":

TBL:NOTE:Biographical data provided by J.W.Schultz has proved grossly inacurate in some areas. It must be kept in mind that Schultz was a "story-teller" and consigned his recollections to paper long after Hugh Munro had died. Some of his narrations are "composites" of experiences written in a manner to provide a a free flowing story.

TBL:Hugh was born in the Three Rivers area of Quebec where his father, Capt. Hugh Munro of the British Army was associated with his mother's family in business.
His mother was of a noted family of French emegres' and her father owned a fine mansion in Montreal as well as a large estate in the Three Rivers area where they lived. His childhood days were quiet enough as he played with the peasant children. A Jesuit Father, residing with the Leroux household, taught Hugh a smattering of reading and writing in both French and English. The gift of a light smooth-bore gun was a turning point in his young life. From that time on he spent most of his time hunting in the forest surrounding the settlement. At age 12 he killed his first deer; at 13 he shot two black bears. An old pensioner of his mother, a half-breed Montagnais Indian, too old and feeble to do much for himself, taught him to trap beaver, otter, fox, fisher, martin and mink. Every spring his grandfather sold the pelts for him in Montreal for a good price.
In the autumn of 1812, during the months of the War, his grandfather sent for them to live with him in Montreal. Hugh disliked city life as he could neither hunt nor trap, and he did not understand the "town boys" whose interests were so unlike his own. Mornings he had to attend the parish school, but afternoons he escaped to row on the river or visit in the warehouses of the Hudson Bay Company with which his grandfather was affiliated. There he met voyageurs and trappers from far places. They presented a exotic picture with their buckskin clothes, fur caps and colorful beaded moccasins. He became fast friends of both the French and English factions and spent many happy hours listening to their tales of wild adventures, of fights with Indians, encounters with fierce bears of the Far West, and of the perils of canoe trips on madly running rivers. He began to beg his family to let him join "The Company" and go West.

BIO:Young Hugh would have been living in a "family of women" at L'Assumption. He was preceeded in birth by five sisters [two surviving] and followed by another two sisters and only one brother - five years his junior. He would have had every opportunity to taste the excitement of the voyageurs, fur trappers and traders from even his own front doorstep. L'Assumption lies in a noted horeshoe bend of the l'Assumption River and the canoes were all beached at one end of l'Assumption's main street - Rue la portage'-, carried up the street and launched again at the other end. Fronting on the upper portage landing were all the commercial establishments of this important trading town: the Custom House, the North West Fur Offices, and all the merchant establishments serving the area. Little wonder that this first son of Hugh and Angelique, who was a notorious "truant" from the classroon - by his own admission "not a scholar" - begged early and long until he finally convinced his parents to let him join the furtrading adventure !

BIO:His father finally agreed saying: "He is obviously born for the adventurous life, and nothing else, so we may as well let him begin now and grow up to a responsible position with the company." His mother shed many tears but finally agreed to let him go after securing a promise from him that he would return for a visit at the end of his 5 year indenture. Angelique spent many tearful hours sewing and packing his clothing, and assembling a kit that included a razor for a lad too young yet to need to shave ! She slipped a Missal between his shirts and prayed for his safe return. Hugh, ever the practical Scot, handed his son a pair of dependable flint-lock pistols, and followed them up with a few basic rules from the " Army rank and file" to help keep him out of the worst troubles and temptations. "Just remember your heritage and depend on it," he admonished. "You are a Scot and a MUNRO. For centuries Munros have been courageous adventurers and Highland warriors. You have that courage - you will do well."

BIO:FROM MONTREAL TO ROCKY MOUNTAIN FORT WITH THE HUDSON BAY COMPANY
BIO:Very early on the morning of May 3rd, 1814, almost four months short of his sixteenth birthday, he signed his Articles of Appreticeship to the Hudson Bay Company for five years at 20 pounds per year. As the heavily loaded canoes bobbed beside the quay Hugh endured the tearful kisses of his mother and her admonitions to remember his prayers. The proud Scottish father could only gaze into the bright blue eyes so like his own, grip the hand of his young son and mutter, "Keep your nose clean and your hair on !" before Hugh scrambled aboard the wallowing canoe. As they turned out into the river and the voyageurs sang and dug in their paddles Hugh waved and watched until the little knot of figures on the quay faded from view, little knowing that he would never see Montreal or his family again.

BIO:There were five boats in the flotilla, each one loaded with 4 to 5 tons of goods for the Indian trade. Everything was done up in waterproof packages of 100 pounds each. The heavy goods were mostly guns, powder and balls, and flints, tobacco, beads, beaver traps, brass and copper wire, axes, copper and brass kettles of various sizes, and small hand mirrors. The lighter goods were blankets, woolen cloth, needles, awls, thread, and trinkets to strike the Red Man's fancy. It was not a very valuable cargo in Montreal but at Mountain Fort in the Rocky Mountains it was of enormous value. There a gun was worth sixty beaver pelts, and even a twist of tobacco sold for two beaver skins !

BIO:The voyageurs paddled up the St. Lawrence River and turned into the Ottawa River which they ascended as far as it was navigable. They then portaged the boats from lake to lake until, early in September, they arrived at York Factory on the Saskatchewan River close to Hudson Bay. There they wintered and set out again as soon as the ice went out in the spring. At last, on the 10th of July, 1815, after many weary days of rowing and cordelling up the swift Saskatchewan River, they arrived at Mountain Fort. The fort biuldings, built of logs and roofed with poles and earth, were in a heavily timbered bottom above the high-water mark of the river. It was enclosed in a high, log stockade with a bastion on one corner in which there were two small cannon. It was later to be known as BOW FORT as the stream it was on was a main tributary of the Saskatchewan River known as the Bow River. [This location is now near Calgary, Alberta, Canada.]

BIO:Camped in the vicinity and milling about the grounds of the Fort were thousands of Indians awaiting the annual arrival of the company's flotilla of boats loaded with trade goods. There were three tribes of the Blackfoot Confederacy as well as Gros-Ventures and Saksikas making over 30,000 Indians at the fort. Hugh saw the smoke curling from countless numbers of tall tan tipis through the roiling dust created by the mounted Indian riders yiping around the camp area, and the children racing about in play. He was speachless with excitement and fascination as he viewed the exotic scene - even more wonderful than any of his wildest imaginations !

BIO:Hugh was acknowledged by James Hardesty and immediately put to work inside the Trading Post. First the cargo had to be unloaded and inventoried into the proper books, bundles, barrels and bins. Then the long days of trading began. From dawn to dark Hugh fetched, weighed, counted and carried. The factor and clerks took the furs, examined them for condition and grade and tallied them. Then the bargaining and trade began with the Indian through the interpreter. As items were chosen they were piled upon the counter after many comments and examination and fingering of the available goods. With silent wives and eager children looking on, the transaction is finally completed and the brave packs up and leaves as another takes his place.

BIO:To Hugh the days seem endless. He toils away in the dimly lit back rooms preparing stock and delivering items to the counter. Hardesty and the clerks leave little opportunity for him to watch the bargaining and trade, or interact with the Indians waiting in the store. After dark there are still furs to stack and bundle for the long voyage to Montreal. He thinks about the thousands of tipis camped along the river and wonders if he will ever get out into the day light again ! This was not what he had bargained for ! He thought he would be outdoors among the trappers and Indians, and able to live and hunt in the wild. How could he possibly spend the next five long years of his life doing this ?

BIO:In desperation he finally manages to find time between duties to escape outside occasionally and talk with the post interpreters and employees. In hunting and trapping they soon found he was not the "greenhorn" they had expected, and recognized his keen interest in the Indians. Hugh had a good ear for languages and was quick to pick up the universally used sign language of the Indians and traders. They quickly began to take him on their evening "visiting rounds" among the Indians at the camp. Soon Hugh was able to go alone and found several Indian youths near his age that he could "talk" to. He began to spend most of his free time with Red Crow, a member of the Small Robes band. Hugh envied Red Crow's freedom to hunt and trap and his nomadic life, as well as his large hospitable family.

The Hudson's Bay Company was eager to expand fur trading with these tribes, but suffered by a lack of interpreters of the Blackfoot tongue. The Blackfoot Confederation did not allow encroachment on their traditional hunting and trapping areas by white trappers or other tribes. They "discouraged" tresspassing by hunting down and killing any outsiders found in their territory.

BIO:Factor James Hardesty was quick to note Hugh's interest in the Indians as well as his eagerness to be out doors. He also watched the growing friendship with Red Crow and saw an opportunity that would be of benefit to both "The Company" and the Blackfoot. Hardesty had often thought that the ideal way to stabilize his fur trading relationship with the elusive Blackfeet would be to send a white trapper or agent to live and travel with them and learn their language. So far he had not been able to suggest this possibility to any of his agents or employees for two reasons. First, he had noone who would be willing to embark on what they would consider a virtual death sentance as a tresspasser into Blackfoot country ! And second, the Blackfoot were so aloof that a suggestion of this kind could be mistaken in it's intent, and he would break his tenous trading hold on them and lose them to the North West Company.

BIO:Despite his proclivity to join the Indians Hugh was bound by his contract with the Hudson Bay Company, and soon settled into the annual acivities and routines of the forts. He thrived on the expeditions and trips into the wilds and endured his time within the company forts. The following summarizes his experiences during his sojourn with Hudson's Bay.

TBL:Hugh Munro entered the service of the Hudson's Bay company and was appointed apprentice in the Edmonton District. His "parish" was entered in the company books as "Canada."
During the summer of 1816 he was at Carlton House under John Peter Pruden. In the fall of 1818 he traveled with Francis Heron from Carlton House to Edmonton House and apparently spent the winter of 1818-19 there. In May 1819 Heron left William Flett in charge of Edmonton House with Munroe as one of his assistants. At the end of outfit 1818-19 Heron reported Munro as being "not of much use at present, but may be of some service hereafter." Munro remained at Edmonton except for short excursions to the Beaver River and Acton House (the post in opposition to Rocky Mountain House of the North West Company), until January 19, 1820 when he was sent to Summer Berry (Pembina) River to remain there until spring. On May 4, 1820 he arrived at Edmonton House having been directed to abandon the post at Pembina River since the Indians were leaving that quarter. From the middle of May until nearly the end of November Munro was stationed at Acton House; on his return he remained at Edmonton House until February 19, 1821 when he was sent to Carlton House for supplies, returning March 30.
Later in the spring he was at Moose Lake where he remained until June 4. He spent the summer in various short expeditions from Edmonton House to Pembina River and Moose Lake. On September 8 he started from Edmonton for Moose Lake, but this post was abandoned shortly afterwards in favor of Dog Rump Creek House, situated about three miles above old Buckingham House. Munro apparently served at Dog Rump Creek House under Patrick Small, returning to Edmonton House on April 28, 1822 with letters "from several parts of the country."
On June 5, 1822 Munro arrived at Carlton House from Edmonton. From there he was sent to Cumberland House on July 28 in order to join the Bow River expedition. He was recorded in Bow River accounts 1822-23 as a clerk with a family of one. In the spring of 1823 he was sent with the Piegans to learn thei language and began his long sojourn with the Piegans.

BIO:Between the Saskatchewan and the Missouri Rivers Hugh camped and hunted over a great stretch of country that no white man had ever seen. At the Falls of the Missouri River he crossed the trail of Lewis and Clark; between the Missouri an Yellowstone River traveled country not yet seen by whites. Through his efforts
the Piegans made peace with the Crows and persuaded them to go north to Mountain Fort to trade their winter furs. Hugh and the Piegans returned to the fort in the New Grass Moon - April, 1824. During Hugh's second year with the Piegans they hunted and trapped in the area now included in Glacier National Park. There he saw the "Lakes Inside" and mountains held sacred to the Blackfeet. And so Hugh fulfilled his contract with Hudson Bay and then became a "free trapper," returning to the post during the trading season as interpreter and occasional employee.

BIO: George Bird Grinnell relates the following story told by Hugh:

TBL:"I was often detailed by the Hudson's Bay Company to go out in charge of a number of men, to kill meat for the fort. When the ground was full of holes and wash-outs, so that running was dangerous, I used to put on a big timber wolf"s skin, which I carried for the purpose, tying it at my neck and waist, and then to sneak up on the buffalo. I used a bow and arrows, and generally shot a number without alarming them. If one looked suspiciously at me, I would howel like a wolf. Sometimes the smell of the blood from the wounded and dying would set the bulls crazy. They would run up and lick the blood, and sometimes toss the dead ones clear from the ground. Then they would bellow and fight each other, sometimes goring one another so badly that they died. The great bulls, their tongues covered with blood, their eyes flashing, and tails sticking out straight, roaring and fighting, were terrible to see; and it was a little dangerous for me, because the commotion would attract buffalo from all directions to see what was going on. At such times I would signal to my men, and they would ride up and scare the buffalo away."

Bio:No record has been found of the origin of Hugh's Pikuni name "Rising Wolf." Among the animals especially respected among the Blackfeet and supposed to have great power, are the buffalo, the bear, the raven, the wolf, the beaver and the kit-fox. The wolves were the people's great friends; they traveled with the people.If a person was hungry and sang a wolf song, he was likely to find food. Men going on a hunting trip sang these songs, which would bring them good luck. The Blackfeet had great belief in visions and dreams, and an animal coming to a man in his dream with a message important to his life, was then regarded as his special protector.

BIO:In 1922 Schultz recorded this narrative by Frank Munroe, son of Rising Wolf:

TBL:My father was "iksatosim." ("Of the sun." Or, "great medicine.") Soon after he took my mother for his woman, before any of us children were born, he one night had a powerful vision. A wolf came to him and said, "I am chief of these great plains, and I have taken a liking to you; therefore I am going to tell you how to make something that will preserve you in times of danger. Go and get the tail feathers of an owl, skins of weasels and minks, and make a war bonnet." In his dream he collected the feathers and skins and made the bonnet, but it did not please the wolf; he took it apart, rearranged the materials, singing all the time as he put it together. When he was satisfied with his work, he put the bonnet on my father and walked around and around him, looking at it, still singing, and at last said, "There, it is as I wanted it. This will preserve you from the enemy; you and any relative or friend to whom you may lend it. And do not forget this, my song that goes with it, and which you are to sing when you put the bonnet on and face danger. However, your possession of the bonnet, just your having it near you, in your lodge, on your person or your horse when travelling, will itself protect you from the enemy." My father's shadow came back into his body. He awoke and thought about his wonderful vision and then woke Fox Woman and told her about it and she was glad. "Sun is kind! He has pitied you; he has caused his child, Chief Wolf, to give you the one thing you need to become a warrior of our tribe ! Make the bonnet at once, so that I may no longer fear for your safety when you go out to hunt and trap."
My father made the bonnet, just as his vision had directed, and kept singing the song over and over until he knew he would not forget it. He carried that bonnet in a painted and fringed rawhide cylinder that he made, and as Chief Wolf had predicted, it helped him safely through many a place where his life was in danger. Time and again he lent it to my grandfather, Lone Walker, and Three Suns, my uncle, and they wore it on raids against the enemy, and with great success. In his old age he gave it to Three Suns; it is now in Three Suns' grave, down below here on the Two Medicine River.

BIO:Frank also related how the sign of Rising Wolf protected them from attack by friendly Indians in many campsites during their trapping and traveling days. Once when Frank was only eight or nine years old Rising Wolf left the Pikuni camp on the Bear River and came north to the Two Medicine Lodge country to trap beaver. They had set up camp in a grove of cottonwoods and his brother, Little Wolf (John), was driving the horses to the ridge to graze for the night. Suddenly, a gun boomed, and a bullet struck a tree in front of him. As soon as he called for help the shooter called out in good Pikuni that he was a friend. They embraced his brother and came down to the lodge where they were welcomed by his father. The friendly Kooteni Indians apologized for mistaking their camp for that of some Cree Indians. After eating and smoking they suggested that Rising Wolf mark the trail to his camp and surrounding trees with his sign to prevent friendly indians from mistaking him for an enemy. The following morning his father blazed trees along the trail and around the camp, and on the white surface painted in black the sign for his name: a man and a wolf rising. And thereafter he did that at every camp that they made, and so more than once saved them from attack from war parties of tribes that were friendly to them.

BIO:"When we had grown a little older, my brother and I made the name signs for him. My brother was angry because I could make the best signs. They were like this":

PICTURE:20F*Drawing by Heavy Eyes of Rising Wolf's Name Painting

BIO:Although documentation is scarce and scattered, various records for Hugh and his family show that for the next fifty years he roamed the western wilderness with the Piegans, ranging from below the Yellowstone to the far north of present Edmonton, Canada. Sometime in the 1820's he married - according to Indian custom - Sinopah (Kit Fox Woman) daughter of Lone Walker, Chief of the Piegans and Small Robes Band. Together they raised at least seven children in the Indian community and were successful in living through the epidemics of smallpox, scarlet fever, "coughing fever," starvation winters and intertribal warfare that decimated the tribes. The lack of documentation of Hugh's life depended a great deal on the seclusion of the Blackfeet from white intervention until the 1855 "Lame Bull Treaty" which first opened their living area and hunting grounds to white men and the Army.

BIO:Early records of the Blackfeet Nation did not include a census or name list until 1888 when all United States Blackfeet were confined to the designated reservation in Montana, and the Northern Piegans were required to live north of "The Line" (49th parallel) in Canada. Even those early records of the Indian Agency are sketchy and incomplete with no birth and death documentation. The Jesuits kept records for the Missions and schools but most early records of the Jesuits were destroyed in at least two disasters: once when lost in the sinking of a boat, and secondly when the Mission Church at St. Mary's Mission in the Okanogan valley burned. Other records were inadvertantly destroyed with some obsolete notes and papers. While some of his children were eventually listed on the Blackfoot Rolls, Hugh (as a white man) was not enrolled or named on the Indian census.

BIO:Occassional glimpses of Hugh occur in writings of western adventurers and U.S. Government records. He meets Sacajawea, guide to Lewis & Clark, in the late 1820's. He befriends and trades with James Kipp in the 1830's and knew George Catlin, Prince Maxmilian and the artist, Karl Bodmer. Among others his friends among the Mountain Men were Jin Bridger, Kit Carson, Johnson, and Peter Ogden. He guided the Jesuits, Father Lacombe and Father DeSmet, in their travels among the Blackfeet in the 1840's and 1850's.

BIO:At one time or another he is associated with the Hudson's Bay Company, the North West Company, the Missouri Fur Company and the American Fur Company as well as trapping as a "free trapper." He is a friend of Alexander Culbertson, James Dawson, Kenneth Mackenzie and other Factors, as well as a succession of Indian Agents. He was known and respected at Forts Rocky Mountain House, Bow, Union, Lewis, Benton, Belnap, Shaw, MacKenzie, McLeod and Carson. He also eventually made and maintained a friendship with tribesmen of the Blood, Gros Venture, Siksika, Crow, Cree, Sarsi, Kootenai, Pen d'Orille, and Flathead Indians, and shared their hunting and trapping grounds.

BIO:As a Christian and devout Catholic he erected a cross at St. Mary's Lakes with Father Lacombe, and yet is known for his respect of the Blackfoot religion. His children and descendants were known as "some of the more Christian of the mixed-blood families of the Reservation." He acknowledges that he believes in "dreams" that are warnings of events, and carried a "war bonnet" that he was convinced had protected him on several occassions.

BIO:In 1865 he is the "Post Hunter" at Fort Benton, and in 1887 is reported as living in Canada and at Fort McLeod. Late in his life he relates his life experiences to George Bird Grinnell and James Willard Schultz.

BIO:By 1880 the buffalo had virtually disappeared from the Great Plains, and the Blackfeet became dependant on beef rations and U.S. Government supplies. Hugh makes the difficult transition to reservation living, spending time with his children and grandchildren in areas on the Two Medicine River, the Marias and areas included in the present Glacier National Park.

BIO:Hugh always intended to keep his promise to return to Montreal to visit his parents, but somehow it was just never a good time to be gone so far away. He procrastinated from year to year. Then word arrived that his father had died, and his brothers said he should come East to help settle the estate and his inheritance. Once again Hugh just could not leave - now it was because of his wife and new baby. Across the long miles finally came the papers for him to sign to provide directions in administrating the land he had inherited.

BIO:After living with the Pikuni Hugh had his own ideas about the land, who owned it - or even IF it should be owned ! He signed the papers to accommodate his brothers, Horatio Munro and Francois LaRocque, and told them to do as they liked with the land as he had no use for it. After all, he freely roamed over hundreds of square miles, he had no need to "own" a few square feet in Ontario!

BIO:Again Hugh felt guilty about his promise to his now widowed mother. Still he procrastinated - it was the wrong time of year - Fox Woman needed him - there was another new baby to look after - they had to have the income from this season of trapping - he couldn't leave the Fort without an interpreter.... Then, long months after the actual occurance, word arrived at Fort Benton that his mother was already gone - at rest these many months in her d'Esneval tomb. He sighed, and yet was relieved. Now he had no reason to go East, and he need never again have to consider taking that long trip back to Montreal.

BIO:RETIREMENT ON THE BLACKFOOT RESERVATION

BIO:Glimpses of Hugh's life were recorded in the Hudson Bay records. After several years as a free trapper Hugh again enlisted as an "interpreter" at Bow Fort and Rocky Mountain House in 1832-34; his family now consisting of 1 woman, 3 boys and 1 girl. From 1837-1844 he is again engaged at Edmonton House, and later it is reported he was again in Edmonton but left in 1870 and returned to Montana. In 1888 he was at Fort McLeod where he was the subject of letters from Father Lacomb to HBC discussing his "infermity and destitution." Family recods show that Hugh spent most oif his last years in Montana, often living with his grandson, William Jackson. With his advancing rhumatism the last years are quiet ones for Hugh as he spends the long summers in the sun within sight of his beloved mountains, and the winters before the cabin fire. Finally, in 1896, in his 97th year, Hugh is also delivered of his earthly cares and laid to rest in the fields beside the Holy Family Mission Church and overlooking the Two Medicine River, only a short distance from the great "buffalo jump" where he and the Pikuni so often drove the buffalo. Although no stome marks his grave, no visitor to this lonely spot would deny that his spirit lingers on in the soft moaning of the prairie wind.

BIO:The best marker and memorial of his long life among his beloved Piegans in the western wilderness is the tall, red wedge of mountain towering over Two Medicine Lodges Lake and valley bearing the name "Rising Wolf." Nearby to the south lies the mountain named "Sinopahki Istuki" - Kit Fox Woman Mountain - for his faithful Piegan wife.

TBL:[NOTE: In the forward to Warren Hanna's JAMES WILLARD SHULTZ, RECENTLY DISCOVERED TALES OF LIFE AMONG THE INDIANS (Mountain Press Pub, Missoula MT, 1988) Hanna relates that most of Schultz's works were written and published AFTER 1904 (when he fled from Montana to avoid a poaching charge)and eventually relocated in Southern California. Of MY LIFE AS AN INDIAN, Shultz's most popular work, Hanna states: "The title suggests an autobiography, but it was in fact a romatic novel centered upon his wife and their life together." Shultz was nearly 50 when his first book was published in 1907 and did not take up "full-time" writing until about 1912 - long after the death of Rising Wolf and his grandson William Jackson. Research in legal records has proved that dates and other details in Shultz's biographical narratives may be in error, although the general substance of these works is truthfully protrayed. VBM]

BIO: TIME LINE HISTORY OF THE BLACKFOOT INDIAN CONFEDERACY

TBL:1730 First horses seen by Blackfeet, being ridden by Shoshoni warriors.
First guns also seen, used by Crees and Assiniboines. Arrival of first
trade goods such as glass beads and metal arrowheads. 1780 HUDSON BAY COMPANY builds Buckingham House along the Saskatchewan River;
first trading post close to Blackfoot country. 1781 Smallpox epidemic strikes Blackfoot camps for first time; over half the
population dies. The disease was picked up when Blackfoot warriors raided
a very sick Shoshoni camp in the Bow River country. 1784 The NORTH WEST COMPANY of independant fur traders and trappers moves into
Blackfoot country to compete with Hudson Bay Company. Guns, knives, axes
and arrowheads began replacing primitive weapons. Blankets, materials,
pots and awls helped to make Blackfoot tribal household life easier.
Tobacco, beads and paints became first luxury items. 1787 David Thompson, of the Hudson Bay Company, becomes the first trader to
winter with the Blackfoot (Piegans) along the Bow River. All these early
trade encounters took place in Canada. 1794 Economy: 14 Beaver pelts = 1 trade gun
1 Beaver pelt = 20 rounds of shot with powder
30 Beaver pelts = 1 large keg of "Blackfoot Rum," made by
mixing 4 or 5 quarts of pure alcohol with
about 7 gallons of water. 1799 Rocky Mountain House built by North West Company, west of Edmonton,
Alberta, becoming main Blackfoot trading center for some years. 1806 Piegans meet part of Lewis & Clark expedition in their territory, now in
Montana. Fight breaks out and one Piegan is killed, starting bad
relationship between Blackfeet and American white men. 1809 Economy: 1 common horse = 1 gal. "Blackfoot Rum," 2 fathoms of twist
tobacco, 20 balls with powder, 1 awl, 1 scalper, 1
fleshing knife, 1 gun worm, 1 P.C. glass, 1 fire
steel, and 1 flint.
Richest Piegan in that year said to own 300 horses.
Population estimate: Lodges Warriors Persons
Piegan ......... 350 700 2,800
Siksika ........ 200 520 1,600
Kainah ......... 100 200 800 1815 A 17 year old boy from Montreal named Hugh Munro becomes the first "white
Blackfoot" marrying SINOPAH, the daughter of Piegan Chief LONE WALKER, of
the Small Robes Band and learning the life
of her people. He remained with the Blackfeet near Browning, Montana,
until his death in 1896, being survived by many descendants. 1819 "Coughing" epidemic - one third die. 1821 Missouri Fur Company sends American trappers into Blackfoot country for
furs. Piegans resent their intrusion, saying they stole the furs and
traded guns to enemies, besides. A large war party annihilates most of
the trappers in an ambush before the first year is through. 1823 Population estimate: Siksika...500 lodges Blood...300 lodges
Piegans...550 lodges Total...10,800 persons 1831 James Kipp, of the American Fur Company, befriends the Blackfeet and
offers to trade for their furs, rather than sending trappers out after
it. They agree to let him build Fort Piegan on the Missouri River in
their territory. The first few days of trade brought in 6,450 pounds of
beaver, which his company sold for $46,000. The Bloods did not like
this, so they burned the post down after the trading season was finished. 1832 Blood head Chief Bull's-Back-Fat brings the first delegation of his
people to Fort Union in Assiniboin country, where they make peace with
that tribe. George Catlin becomes the first white man to paint Blackfeet,
calling them "perhaps the most powerful tribe of Indians on the
continent." Catlin estimated 500 lodges of Piegans, with the Small Robes
Band as the largest with 250 lodges. 1833 German Prince Maxmilian spends late summer with the Blackfeet. Estimates
Confederacy population at 18,000 to 20,000. The Prince and artist, Karl
Bodmer , witness an immense battle between Piegans and Cree and
Assiniboin warriors, ending peace. Piegans eventually win fight although
with heavy losses. 1835 Blackfeet bring 9,000 Buffalo robes to trade at new Fort McKenzie, 32
days travel by boat, upriver, from Fort Union, at the junction of the
Missouri and Marias River. 1837 Smallpox again strikes the Blackfeet, arriving with infected people and
clothing aboard a steamboat. Two thirds of the Confederacy is said to
have died. Over 10,000 buffalo robes were brought in for trade the next
winter. A frontier journal from that year notes that 40 to 50
independant trappers were being killed in Blackfoot country each year. 1841 Blackfeet brought in 21,000 robes for trade. Some Indian hunters became
eager for trade goods start killing buffalo for hides. Professional
white hunters kill even greater numbers of buffalo, mainly for tongues and
hides. Father DeSmet baptized first Blackfeet to Christianity. 1844 Good relations between Blackfeet and traders break off after troubles lead
one trader to fire a cannon into an innocent group of Piegans, killing 10
and wounding others. 1845 Another smallpox epidemic strikes the Blackfeet. 1846 Fifty families of Small Robes band of Piegans wiped out by Crow attack,
ending this group's often independant journeys, sometimes in company of
the Flathead tribe. Blackfeet bring another 21,000 buffalo robes to trade
to the new Fort Lewis, near the later Fort Benton. Head trader is
Alexander Culbertson who is married to Medicine Snake Woman, daughter of
Blood head chief. 1847 Culbertson moves Fort Lewis 3 miles down and across the Missouri River,
renaming it Fort Benton. This becomes the most important trading center
in Montana. Supplies travel 2,415 miles upriver by steamboat from St.
Louis. Economy: 1 Buffalo robe = 25 loads ammunition, a gallon kettle,
three knives, or 1 1/2 yds. of calico.
3 Buffalo robes = 2 1/2 point wool blanket
10 Buffalo robes = 1 trade gun (cost $4. back East) 1853 Observers wrote that the "quantity of buffalo is almost unbelievable,"
and that "the entire country of the Blackfeet perhaps the best Buffalo
Country in the N.W." Gov. I.I. Stevens meets head men of the Blackfoot
Confederacy on behalf of the U.S. Government and proposes a great peace
council to end war between the tribes, and to guarantee peace between the
Blackfeet and the whites. Chiefs agree to council.
Population estimates: Lodges Persons Warriors
Blood.............. 270 2,430 810
Siksika ........... 290 2,600 870
South Piegan ...... 200 1,800 600
North Piegan ...... 90 800 270 1855 "Lame Bull Treaty" signed by 26 principle chiefs of the Blackfoot
Confederacy defines tribal territories and proclaims peace between the
tribes and the U.S. Government. "Major" Edwin Hatch becomes first
Blackfoot Indian agent, with an office at Fort Benton. 1856 Major Hatch writes first annual report; reports he gave out treaty
annuities to about 8,000 Indians. 1857 "Major" Vaughn becomes second Blackfoot agent - the only one for many
years with good relationship with people. 1858 Agent Vaughn recommends government prohibition of trade in Buffalo robes
to prevent senseless slaughter of the animals. The suggestion is ignored
by everyone. 1859 Jesuits build first mission in American Blackfoot country, St. Peter's,
near Choteau, Montana. Indians show some interest in these unuaual
spiritual ways, but are still 100 percent devoted to their own faith.
Missionaries plan to wipe out old Indian ways, while Indians only want
Christian prayers as added blessings to what they already have. Father
Lacombe is first missionary among Canadian Blackfeet, having arrived in
1855. Agent Vaughn supervises first Blackfoot "farm," with limited
success. 1861 Long-time alliance between Blackfeet and Gros Ventures ends when an enemy
group steals horses from Gros Ventures and leaves some at Piegan camp,
leading Gros Ventures to believe the Piegans stole them. 1862 Montana Gold Rush brings illegal miners to foothills of Rockies, well
within hunting grounds reserved for Blackfeet by 1855 Treaty. Small,
bloody encounters become frequent. 1863 Blackfeet see neither Agent nor annuities promised by 1855 Treaty. New
Agent arrives at very end of year, describes Blackfeet as "degraded
savages." Things get worse and liquor flows more freely. 1864 Scarlet Fever kills an estimated 1,000 Blackfeet. 1865 U.S. Government persuades a small group of leaders from Blackfoot
Confederacy to sign a later unratified Treaty reducing official Blackfoot
country by well over 2,000 square miles, in return for about one million
dollars. Blackfeet and whites murder each other, even within Fort Benton.
Governor of Montana fears war is imminent and helps plan military action
against the Blackfeet, who avoid conflict by moving North into Canada. 1866 American whiskey traders driven out of Montana into lawlwss Alberta area,
where they build Fort Stand Off and other liquor posts, increasing
problems. North Piegan war party burns down Blackfoot agency farm on Sun
River. Nearby Jesuit mission is abandoned. Head Chief Little Dog, and
son, murdered by drunken Piegans near Fort Benton for being too friendly
with whites. Economy: 1 buffalo robe = 2 tin cups whiskey
1 fast horse = 4 gallons of whiskey 1867 Fort Shaw on Sun River becomes first U.S. Army post in Blackfoot country,
near new Blackfoot agency. 1869 Smallpox epidemic kills 2,000 Blackfeet. Popular Montana rancher Matcolm
Clarke is killed by relatives of his Blackfoot wife, leading to cries for
revenge. 1870 Major Baker leads large cavalry force from Fort Shaw to arrest killers of
Clarke. In the depths of winter they attack the wrong Piegan camp and
kill 173 people, mostly women and children. This only armed conflict
between Blackfeet and U.S. troops becomes known as the "Baker Massacre."
The last large intertribal battle takes place near Lethbridge, Alberta,
when Cree and Assiniboin forces attack a Blood camp on the Belly River,
not realizing that angry and well-armed Piegan "reugees" from the Montana
troubles are camped nearby. Attackers lose between 200 and 300 men. 1871 U.S. Congress declares end of treaty-making with Indian tribes and
nations. Ranchers begin raising cattle along the Sun River, claiming the
Blackfeet have too much land. 1873 U.S. Government arbitrarily moves southern boundary of Blackfoot country
north by 200 miles, thowing open a huge piece of territory for
settlement. Blackfeet are neither consulted nor paid. 1874 Mounted Police detachment brings law and order to Canadian Blackfoot
country and builds Fort Macleod. Northern buffalo herd estimated at four
million head, roaming Blackfoot country and centering around Sweet Grass
Hills. 1876 New Blackfoot agency built on Badger Creek, within new reduced
reservation in Montana. Blackfeet reject tobacco sent by Souix, asking
them to join in battle against whites, after Custer's defeat. I.G.Baker of
Fort Benton ships 75,000 buffalo robes to the East. Ranchers and settlers
begin to arrive in Canadian Blackfoot territory. 1877 Treaty Seven is signed at Blackfoot Crossing in Canada. Siksika, Bloods
and North Piegans separate from South Piegans and the U.S.Government,
although members from all divisions continue to go back and forth across
the border for some years, to collect treaty goods and payments. 1879 Buffalo virtually disappear from Canadian prairies, forcing government to
issue beef rations to Canadian Blackfeet for first time. South Piegans
make last great buffalo hunt in Judith Basin country of Montana. 1881 Mange epidemic said to have killed about half of Piegan horses, making
younger warriors eager to raid enemy camps, in spite of peace treaties
signed by older chiefs. Winter buffalo hunt in Montana not very
successful. 1882 Large buffalo herd discovered on reservation, south of Sweet Grass Hills.
Blackfeet make final tribal hunt. Each year more Indians depend on
government agency for food as buffalo disappear. 1883 Only a few buffalo killed. About 3,000 Indians living by agency when
rations start to run out in late winter. Government red tape holds up
additional food; people start starving. Agency gardens a complete failure 1884 Last wild buffalo killed by Blackfeet; four lone animals near Sweet Grass
Hills. "Starvation Winter" kills several hundred South Piegans
(one-fourth to one-sixth of tribe) before sufficient rations arrive. About
2,000 surviving South Piegans settle within 15 miles of their agency. 1889 Last Blackfoot war party to take enemy scalps - combined group of Bloods
and Piegans. So-called "old days" are now over.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9

Hugh married Sinopah Kit Fox Woman about 1820 in Northwest Terr. Sinopah was born in 1796-1798 in Dakota Territory; died about 1880 in , , , Canada. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

ARCHIVE RECORDS OF JOHN MUNROE & FAMILY

John's birthdate based on Reservation Census Records although these vary widely. He may have been as born as early as 1822. His son, Angus Munro states John's age as 85 when he died 12 August 1908 (thus b. 1823). Gerald Morrison research states a birth year of 1931.

PICTURE:20H*JOHN MUNROE (ca. 1905)

PICTURE:John Munroe, half-blood son of Hugh Munro and his Piegan wife Sinopah, expanded his cattle interests into the empty grazing lands north of the Two Medicine River. (Photo by Thomas Magee)

Blackfoot records states he married Isobella Calder, who was reportedly 1/2 Cree and 1/2 white. Gerald Morrison states he married ISOBEL FRANCOIS LUCIER on 7 June 1857 (no location). Whether married once or twice, "Isobel" appears to have died before 1890 when John returned to the Two Medicine Creek area. Then there is much confusion about the name of wives; they are listed variously as "Susan, Justin(e), and Christine." He was married again, listing Justine as his wife on the 1900 Federal and Blackfoot Census. Listing of oldest children born to John and Isabella are confirmed by affidavits listing their brothers and sisters.

National Archive Blackfoot Census Rolls
Age in... 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 JOHN MUNRO 64 65 66 67 70 74 Susan 32 33 34 35 36 40
Angus 4 5 6 7 7 7
Peter 1 2 3 4 - -
Joseph 7 8 9 10 - -
Wilson/William 12 13 14 15 - -
Francis 15 16 17 18 19 -
4 mo. male
Louis - - - - 13 14
Justin - - - - 23 24

Blackfoot Agency Records (Microfilm # 1275620 - SLC 1994) 1895 1896
JOHN MUNRO Husband 68 74
JUSTIN Wife 36 40
FRANK Son 19 -
LOUIS Son 13 14
ANGUS Son 7 7
JUSTIN Daughter 2 2

In 1897 the following census was recorded for John Munro:
#1795 JOHN MUNRO Head of House age 70
Justine Wife 45
Gust Son 9
Lewis Son 8
Frank, Jr Step-son 16
Francis Son (or S-son?) 22
Justine Daughter 28

The following Blackfoot census is listed for 1899-1902:
Age 1899 1900 1901 1902
JOHN MONROE Father 76 75 75 78
Louis Son 18 20
August (Hank) Son 11 12 14 15

School Records & Census (Microfilm # 1275621 - SLC 1994) 1902
JOHN MUNRO Father 75
LOUIS Son 21 (Cree)
ANGUS Son 14 Mission School

1900 Federal Census, Blackfoot Reservation, Teton County, Montana (Microfilm # 1240915 - Enum Dist # 212 - Dwelling 440
Born Place of b. Father b. Mother b. John Munro Head April 1830 70 Canada Canada Canada Justine Wife March 1855 45 Canada Canada Canada Angus Son April 1889 11 Montana Canada Canada
John states he has been married a total of 20 years
Justin also married 2 years, has had two children; 2 are still living.

On the 1908 Blackfoot affidavits the following is recorded: "Christine Munroe, wife of John Munroe, Sr., says she is a Cree and the wives of William and Joseph are Crees. Christine says that all the children of John Munroe, except Angus and Louis got script. She herself got it. John Munroe put his name down on the books but did not get his script." February 18, 1908

Blackfoot Agency records: Births, Marriages and Deaths MF#1275621-22 #173 JOHN MUNRO 85 years old Died August 12, 1908
Informant: Angus Munroe, son #174

No listing is found for Justine in 1910. Did she return to Canada to live with her family?

JOHN DOCUMENTED BY EARLY WRITERS

John is frequently listed in the writings of early Blackfeet Indian historians as "John Monroe, the son of Hugh Munro the White Blackfoot." In 1890-96 George Bird Grinnell visited the Blackfoot Reservation and surrounding areas accumulating information in his effort to have the area set aside as Glacier National Park. He spent some time in interviewing Piegan Indians as material for a book eventually published as "BLACKFOOT LODGE TALES" by Scribeners and later (1962) reissued by the University of Nebraska Press.

In this history of Blackfoot customs and beliefs Grinnell refers to Hugh and his family:

"The veteran Prairie man, Mr. Hugh Monroe, and his son, John Monroe, have also given me much information. William Jackson, an educated half-breed, who did good service from 1874 to 1879, scouting under Generals Custer and Miles..has given me valuable assistance."

In Warren Hanna's 1988 publication of "lost" Shultz manuscrips (JAMES WILLARD SHULTZ, RECENTLY DISCOVERED TALES OF LIFE AMONG THE INDIANS, Hanna, Mountian Press, Missoula MT 1988) Shultz comments:

TBL:"Piegan, Montana, Oct. 24, 1893 - John Monroe came in yesterday from the headwaters of Badger Creek, and brought with him the head of a very large bull moose which he killed up there. He says there are quite a number of elk, deer and bear in that vicinity, and is going back there tomorrow to have another hunt. Monroe is said to be the best moose hunter in the Northwest. In the early days, when he was employed by the Hudson's Bay Co. way up in the Saskatchewan country, he was far and away the most successful hunter of this game. He is getting pretty old now, and his eyesight is poor, yet it seems he still knows how to "get there."
No-one in this country, Indian or white, knows how to call moose, and they are not much hunted. As near as I can learn Monroe finds the track asnd then instead of following it he keeps circling until he locates the animal".

BIO:JOHN AS "EAGLE CATCHER"

BIO:Before the white men came to Blackfoot country, the Indian standard of value was eagle tail feathers. They were used to make war head-dresses, ornament shields, lances and other weapons. Wings were made into fans, and body feathers cut to fletch arrows.A wary bird, the eagle could not be approached close enough to be killed by bow and arrow, and indeed, it was considered improper to kill one that way. The capture of the eagle was viewed as something of a sacred nature, was preceeded with prayers for help and success, and was the domain of only selected individuals.

BIO:In his volume on the Blackfeet Grinnell identifies John Munro as "a famous eagle catcher." He relates the account narrated by John of how he caught eagles:

TBL:A pit was dug, six feet long, three wide, and four deep, on top of the highest knoll that can be found near a stream. The earth taken out is carried a long way off. Over the pit is laid two long poles lengthwise, and smaller sticks are laid across, resting on the poles. The smaller sticks are covered with juniper twigs and long grass. The skin of a wolf or coyote is stuffed with grass to look natural. A hole is cut in the wolf skin and a rope passed through it, one end being tied to a large piece of meat which lies by the skin, and the other end passing through the roof down into the pit. The bait is covered with grass and the eagle-catcher returns to his lodge for the night.
During the night he sings his eagle songs and burns sweet grass, rubbing the smoke over his arms and body to purify himself. Before day he goes to the eagle pit and lies down in it, uncovering the bait, and holding the rope. In the pit the eagle-catcher can see out through the twig covering, and can hear the sound of an eagle coming. When the bird settles on the ground it does not land on the bait, but at one side of it, striking the ground with a thud - heavily. The eagle walks toward the bait and onto the roof of the pit. Seeing in which direction the head is, the man reaches out through the roof twigs and grasps the eagle by both feet, and draws it into the pit. He wrings the neck to kill the bird, closes the opening and repairs the twig roof. So the man waits and collects the eagles that come through the day. He may get nothing or, again, have 8 or 10 eagles at the end of the day.
At the end of the day the eagle-catcher goes home. He carries his eagles to a special "eagle's lodge" prepared outside the camp. He places them on the ground in a row, and raises their heads, resting them on a stick laid in front of the row. In the mouth of each one is put a piece of pemmican, so that they might not be afraid of people, prayers are said and the feathers were blessed for use.

BIO:JOHN MUNROE'S DESCENDANTS ON THE BLACKFOOT RESERVATION

BIO:John is listed early in the various narrations of Hugh Munro's descendants among the Blackfoot Indians. He, and his sons, were well known to early government and independant agents among the Indians. The majority of Munro descendants on the Blackfoot Reservation today mark their descent from John, mainly though his son, Joseph, who had nine children who settled on the present reservation lands. John not only raised his own family, but also provided a home for nieces and nephews as well as step-children when they had need of a home in the absence of their parents.

PICTURE:20F*CATHOLIC PRIEST WITH MR. & MRS. JOHN MUNROE

PICTURE:One of the most famous of the Black Robes was the Jesuit missionary, Father de Smet, called Long Teeth by the Blackfeet. The Jesuit shown is photographed here with some of the more Christian mixed-blood families of the north side of the Reservation: Mr. & Mrs. John Munroe, Mrs. Upham, Mrs. Kipp, and Mrs. Croft.

BIO:The Jesuit Missionaries, known as "Black Robes," provided the initial Christian contact with the plains Indian tribes. Those entering the Flathead and Blackfoot areas journeyed south from Canadian trading posts. Hugh Munro guided the Jesuit priests into the Flathead area in the 1840's where they established St. Mary and St. Ignatius Missions. Hugh also was the guide for Jesuit Father Peter de Smet when he first came among the Blackfeet in the 1840's. Father Nicholas Point baptized Blackfeet in Montana in 1845 and 1846.

BIO:St. Peter's Mission for the Blackfeet was initially established in about 1857 on the Teton River near Choteau and had a varied and changing history. It was then moved to a location on the Sun River near Fort Shaw where it operated for six months. Due to the nomadic life style of the Blackfeet, plus U.S. Government conflict in the 1860's, the Mission was again established, as St. Peter The Apostle Mission, in 1861 on the Marias River. From 1862 to 1866 St. Peters operated at a site on the left bank of the Missouri River.

BIO:In 1866 the U.S. Government awarded the Blackfoot agency and missionary responsibility to the Methodist Church. Agent John Young, a Methodist minister, came into open conflict with the Jesuit missionaries, and banned them from the reservation and forbid them to preach among the Indians or administer sacraments on Blackfoot territory. For eight years, from 1866 to 1874, the Methodist church was established as tutor and guardian of the Blackfeet children, despite the wishes of their parents.

BIO:After the 1870 "Baker Massacre" in which a peaceful band of Piegans were annihilated by U.S. soldiers from Fort Shaw, Congress decided to shift the general Indian policy to practice peace rather than war. Part of the "Peace Policy" was a more determined effort to educate Blackfoot children, and a day school was established at "Old Agency", the new Blackfoot agency complex at Badger Creek created by Agent John Young.

BIO:When the Blackfoot Reservation boundary was moved north in 1874, St. Peter's Mission was left sixty miles to the south. Unwilling to give up his missionary work and "desert" his Catholic Blackfoot families, Father Prando built a small mission complex just across the reservation boundary on the south side of Birch Creek. Although off the reservation, St Peter's Boarding School continued to operate for many years, providing basic education and training for Blackfoot children.

BIO:In 1887 Chief White Calf, who had been baptized by Father Prando in 1882, contributed land on the Two Medicine River for a Mission church and school. Father Damiani and three Ursuline Sisters built and and opened the mission school, Holy Family, in 1890. With few exceptions the students spent the entire year at the school. They did not go home for holidays and parents were not allowed to visit, although a student recalls that "the families of the children would camp in the bush and the kids would visit them on holidays." Student isolation from family was used to break down the "old ways" and habits, and to convert them to "civilization" by eradicating traditional Blackfoot language, values and daily practices. The curriculum at Holy Family was vocational and spiritual as well as academic. The children started with "ABC's" learning to write and speak English at the same time. School was from grade one through grade five. The students also provided the labor for household duties such as cooking, baking, washing and ironing clothes, etc.

BIO:Some of the children and grandchildren of John Munroe enrolled at Holy Family after 1900 were: Augustine (Hank), Antoine, Campbell, Mary, Sarah, Jennie, Eliza and Charles David Munroe.

BIO:By 1910 there were 771 children of school age who could attend the Holy Family Mission; a day school at the Old Willow Creek complex; the new Agency boarding school at Cut Bank; or the off-reservation schools at Fort Shaw in Montana, or Carisle in Pennsylvania, although the space available in these scools fell far short of the number of children of school age. In 1905 the Browning Day School opened as a public school for children who actually lived in Browning or at the agency itself.

BIO: John was known among his Blackfoot compatriots as "Piskun" or, in english translation - Buffalo Corral. This is probably appropriate as he settled in the Two Medicine River Valley wherein lies a high cliff over which the Indians drove buffalo to kill or collect them for butchering. This bluff still exists only a short distance from the old Holy Family Mission Church and cemetery. Nearby is land still owned by Munro descendants and used for winter cattle grazing.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Family/Spouse: Susan. Susan was born est 1842; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Isabelle Calder on 7 Jun 1857. Isabelle was born about 1825; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

John married Justin Christine about 1908. Justin was born about 1825; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:FELIX - SON OF HUGH, THE WHITE BLACKFOOT

BIO:Listed as sibling of John, Amelia, Lizzie and Frank Munro. His nephew Joseph (son of John) lists him as dead in 1906-7, but with children surviving: Francis, Elouise (King), and Bayne Munro - probably living in Canada - perhaps Calgary.

BIO:Felix was either born in Canada or apparently spent most of his life there. It appears he married and settled in Canada, as did his children. No other mention of him has been found in United States records.

BIO:Gerald Morrison Lists Felix with two spouses and a total of 11 children.

TBL:(1) Judith Godin - Caroline Munro b. 1850(m. Eduard Boucher & Paul Webowska
(2) Louise Larderoute - Adelaide b. 1853
Germain b. 1854
Julie b. 1856 (m. Norman Vandal)
Emelie b. 1861
Louise b. 1864 (m. George King)
Felix
Francois b. 1866
Benjamin b. 1868
Philomine b. 1869
Marie b. 1874

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: Louise Laderoute. Louise was born about 1836; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

LIZZIE MUNROE, DAUGHTER OF RISING WOLF

Lizzie, the second daughter of Rising Wolf and Sinopah, is an elusive figure in the Blackfoot Reservation records. The best glimpses of her character are found in the writings about her brother Frank, and in her nephew, William Jackson's, stories about his early adventures with the family. The following records are from her undated transcript to the Blackfoot Agency.

National Archives Records of Blackfeet Indians MF#1275621 LDS Library SLCity, UT., March 1995 Page # 538

Listed as "Lizzie Smith" and designated a full sister of Frank Munro on page 528 of same document. Lizzie was born on Maria's Creek in the present Glacier County of Montana - at that time part of the Dakota Territory or undesignated Northwest Territory of the U.S. Birth order unsure - may have been third child of Hugh Munro and Kit Fox Woman (Full Blackfoot wife); was listed as 63 years old on above undated transcript (PROBABLY 1906-8).

Her first marriage was to a Joe Deschamps, who is dead by 1906, and his relatives unknown. She lists as children of this marriage:
MARY COBELL, wife of TONY COBELL who lives on the Flathead Indian Reservation. Had a boy, now dead - No issue.

Her present marriage is listed as with WILLIAM "Nosey" SMITH; whereabouts peresently unknown. They were married at Choteau by a Justice of the Peace in about 1874, about one year after she came back from the North. Listed are six children of this marriage.

Julia - wife of George Cook
William - married and lives on reservation
Matilda - widow of Charley Buckly, lives Great Falls, has some children.
Samuel - married, lives at Summit, MT
Viola - wife of Charley Delaney
Peter - 20, single, lives on Livermore Creek with mother.

Lizzie traveled as a child with her family from the U.S. Northwest Territory to Canada. She returned to the Blackfeet Reservation in about 1873 and was on the Indian rolls and lived in about 1906-7 at Livermore Creek. In the 1809 Reservation Census she is listed as: #1439 Lizzie Smith, widow, age 75. (Probable birth year 1833 or before.)

Lizzie Munro was an exceptionally independant and strong minded woman. In a culture where womwn were usually dependant on a husband for food, housing and other necessities it is unusual to read the narrations about her by her brothers. In stories narrated to Schultz, Frank Munro represents Lizzie as a girl who was anxious to acquire the skills of her brothers, and excelled at trapping, hunting and other activities. Her independance is reflected in her deposition to the Blackfoot Agency when she states her husband is "Nosey Smith, whereabouts unknown."
*See William Jackson for included information on Lizzie.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: Joe Deschamps. Joe was born about 1831; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married William Smith about 1874 in Choteau, Teton Co., Montana, USA. William was born est 1831; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Amelia is listed frequently as "Minnie" by her siblings. She married first a white man by the name of Thomas Jackson. Two sons are listed as surviving: (1) William Jackson, well documented Indian Scout with General Custer, and (2) Robert Jackson, also Indian Scout.

Amelia married second: Harvey Alexander Fox, a white man, and had a son ALEXANDER FOX.

BIO:AMELIA AND HER EARLY YEARS WITH HER FAMILY

BIO:Amelia is said to be the eldest child of Hugh and Sinopah and so would have to be born before John who is convincingly documented with a birth date of 1822-23. However, her first documented marriage, to Thomas Jackson, probably did not occur before 1850 as her oldest recorded son, Robert, was born in 1854. She is also documented as still living by Schultz in 1922, and it is improbable that she would be over 100 years old. It IS likely that she was the oldest of the Munro daughters. Ages stated on Indian and Agency census rolls vary widely in the early records, as age was a relative rather than a definitive matter to all Indians who commonly "told time" by seasons or salient events rather than the "white man calendar."

BIO:On a 1908 affidavit to the BIA Amelia states she is 69 years old (born 1839 ?). She lists her first husband as "Andrew Jackson, white, deceased." She states she married Harvey Alexander Fox in 1877 at Mandan (or Bismark), North Dakota, by Methodist minister. BIO:"Millie," as she was known to the family, lived the usual life of Piegan Indian girls of her time. She learned all the skills so necessary to the women, as well as the modesty and quiet demeanor expected of all Piegan Indian maidens. As the eldest daughter she would have helped with the household work and the care of her younger brothers and sisters. However, she would also have had more than the usual Indian exposure to the white people living in the area, and would have accompanied her family to Fort Benton where Hugh acted as an interpreter for the Piegans in their fur trading. She would have been one of the most desirable of the comely Indian maidens after Thomas Jackson arrived with the annual boat brigade delivering the annual trading supplies for Fort Benton in 1835.

BIO:AMELIA MEETS AND MARRIES THOMAS JACKSON AT FORT BENTON

BIO:Thomas, the son of an old Virginia family, was educated and quiet spoken and would have had little insight into the rugged and dangerous life which was natural for Amelia. As Thomas spent his days cutting, sewing, tailoring and assembling a variety of necessary uniforms and modified wearing apparel for the fort employees and as trade goods, he would, by choice, experience little of the rugged outdoor life of the Northwest frontier. Although, like most men in the early 1800's, he was a passable shot with a rifle, he disliked killing animals and declined to hunt. He enjoyed the long evenings before the fire just smoking, talking, or reading the latest selection of books sent out from the East.

BIO:Amelia's father, Hugh, the "White Blackfoot," by his own admission, cared nothing for reading, and he had felt no need to make "scholars" out of his sons ! But Hugh DID enjoy the opportunity of conversation whenever the occasion permitted - even with Thomas Jackson ! Proficient in English, French and Pikuni, his interests ranged from swapping tall tales to catching up on the "news from the East" - even the latest "foolishness" of the U.S.Government !

BIO:In the early years Fort Benton was the focus of trade for the entire area. Not only Indians, but Mountain Men, free trappers and, eventually, prospectors and miners, depended on this lone facility at the end of the Missouri River navigation for necessary supplies. The contract suttler at Fort Benton employed a number of men at the fort as clerks and workers. Hugh was usually employed as the Fort hunter, responsible for providing the game needed to feed all the employees as well as their families, and as his sons matured they were also hired to help. In return he was provided with living quarters within the fort buildings for his extended family, provisions, and forage for his horses in the adjoining fields and corrals. Although they missed the freedom of the wilderness and the migrant life-style of the usual Pikuni life, the women found living within the fort buildings was much easier and less demanding of their time and energy. Without the usual primitive foraging for supplimentary food, fire-wood and water, they had more time for socializing, creating baskets and carrying containers, and decorating clothing with fine beadwork and dyed porkupine quills - a luxury activity in the wilderness.

BIO:In the close proximity of the Fort Benton activities and living arrangements, the employees became as integrated as a large disparate family. As the seasons rolled by they depended upon each other as the anchor in the changing world of commerce, supplies, weather, Indian policies and disasters, and the vagaries of "The Government." By 1850 Thomas Jackson must have decided that he would probably NOT return to the genteel world in Virginia. And, like many white men before and after him, he yearned for his own family unit - a wife and family to complete his circle of continuity. What an attractive picture Amelia depicted as a suitable wife !

BIO:Thomas and Amelia saw the seasons roll by as they resided in their comfortable quarters at Fort Benton until the "disaster" of 1864 when the "government" declined to renew the contract of James Dawson, Thomas's employer. With two sons, they tried a season of hunting and trapping with Rising Wolf and the extended family, but Thomas was totally unsuited to this activity, and had no reservations is saying so. He returned with Amelia to Fort Benton and found employment with the new sutler, and there he remained until 1870 when the fort again was in an upheavel over management.

BIO:FROM FORT BENTON TO FORT BUFORD

BIO:He then took Amelia and his sons, Robert and William and journeyed down to the mouth of the Yellowstone River to Fort Buford, where he found employment at the Larpenteur Trading Post. William Jackson relates that the family was still at Larpenteur's until at least 1874 when he and Robert joined the Army at Fort Buford as Indian Scouts. Beyond this point no records have been found of Thomas. It is probable that he died around 1875, as before 1877 Amelia is married to a white man named Harvey Alexander Fox.* Their son, Alexander, was born at Mandan, Dakota about 1877.

TBL:*Undated Blackfoot census (probably 1905) states Amelia FOX was married in 1876 by a clergyman to Harvey Alexander Fox.

BIO:AMELIA MARRIES HARVEY A. FOX - RETURNS TO BLACKFOOT RESERVATION

BIO:Amelia's son, Alexander Fox, states that he came on the reservation in 1892. He would then have been about 15 years old. In the 1907-8 depositions Amelia is fequently referred to as "wife of A. Fox" or "wife of old man Fox" so it is likely they came to the Blackfoot reservation as a family unit. In 1908 Alex lists his father as still living.

BIO:Amelia is next listed in records as the wife of Harvey Alexander Fox, a white man in the Fort Benton area. In 1896 she is listed with a son also named Alexander Fox. It is suggested by family records in 1898 that Amelia is a widow.In the census of 1898 she Lists her son Alexander Fox, age 21, and his daughter, Mable Fox, plus her Jackson grandchildren Andrew (19), John (17), Eliza (15), Milly (13), and Lizzie (11) - probably children of her son Robert Jackson.

BIO:In 1898 her son William Jackson, 39 years old, is living with his wife, Mary and children Thomas (age 12), Millie (8), Hugh (6), Maggie (5) and Annie (2).

BIO: Amelia survives the many changes in the Indian culture between 1875 and 1900 when all the Pekuni are expected to be enrolled on the Blackfoot Reservation in Montana. In 1922 she is reported as still living (in an Indian Agency hospital facility) by her brother Frank Munro. No verification has been documented for her death.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Amelia married Thomas Andrew Jackson about 1855. Thomas was born about 1815 in , , Virginia, USA; died about 1876. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Amelia married Harvey Alexander Fox in 1877 in Mandan, Morton Co., ND. Harvey was born in 1848; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:MARGARET MUNROE - DAUGHTER OF HUGH, THE WHITE BLACKFOOT

BIO:Margaret was the third surviving Munroe daughter listed by her siblings on the Blackfoot Indian rolls. Her birth date is by estimate based on the age of her son, James Houseman, on his 1908 affidavit.

BIO:Listed as "Maggie" by her siblings, Margaret Munro married Edmund Houseman (a white man, parents unknown) and had at least 3 surviving children: James, Margaret and Hugh Houseman. Maggie is dead before 1908.
In the Blackfoot Agency census and affidavits for 1907-8 (page 144) James Houseman, age 40, gives the following information:

TBL:James Houseman 1/4 Blood Piegan
Father: Edmond Houseman - a white man - dead.
Father and Mother unknown
Mother: Margaret Munroe - 1/2 Piegan - dead
Father: Hugh Munroe - a white man - dead.
Mother: Not known - full Piegan - dead.
Paternal uncles and aunts: unknown.
Maternal uncles and aunts: John Munroe, Frank Munroe, Lizzie Munroe (one
time wife of "Nosey" Smith), Millie Munroe (wife of A.J.Fox - white
man). Two brothers are now dead - names unknown - Issue unknown.
Brothers and sisters: Maggie Houseman living with James Brown; Hugh
Houseman full brother.
Wife: Susan - 40 to 45 years old - married in 1888 by Justice of Peace at
Choteau.
Father: Nothing known. Full chippewa.
First husband was William Jackson, now dead - 1/4 Piegan
Father: William* Jackson - white - dead (*Error - THOMAS)
Mother: Millie Munroe Jackson FOX - living.
Brothers: Robert Jackson, full brother; Alex Fox 1/2 Bro.
Children of Susan and William Jackson: Two boys, See 666 for
brothers, etc. Both named Tom Jackson - one 21 years and other
going on 19. Oldest one now in Carlisle, youngest in Haskell.
*Other records prove this in error - Oldest son named WILLIAM,
younger named THOMAS. William then married MARY and had son
named Thomas James Jackson.
Children of Susan and James Houseman: Joseph (18 years), Mary (16),
Geneva (13), and Frank (7).
Now living at St. Mary's. He was bought out by Reclamation Service. Sold
only his improvements. Said Mr. Cole agreed that he should take his land
elsewhere.
**William Jackson and James Houseman were actually First Cousins as their mothers were sisters: Amelia and Margaret Munroe.
***Susan also states that son Thomas Jackson lives with Fox (Amelia Munroe
Jackson Fox would be his grandmother.)

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

The Redden reference places Margaret as the sister of Hugh Munro, Jr., not his daughter. The correct version is not known.

Family/Spouse: Edmund Houseman. Edmund was born about 1840; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

FRANK MUNROE - SON OF HUGH, THE WHITE BLACKFOOT

National Archive Records of the Blackfeet Indians #1275621 Microfilm; LDS Library, SL City, UT, March 1995) Listed in undated document of page 528a:

In this record Frank Munro states he is 61 years old (probably 1906-7) and is 1/2 Piegan, with "Hugh Munro, white man" as his father and "Kit Fox, Full Piegan," as mother. He also designates his paternal grandparents as "Hugh Munro and Mary Munro," and states he has a paternal uncle by the name of "La Roche" although he does not know if he is living. He also lists three sisters of his mother: (Wolf, Yells In Water, Short Woman), and one brother (Sarvisberry). He lists as his own siblings: John Munro, Minnie (wife of Alex Fox), Margaret (once wife of Edmund Houseman), and Felix Munro. He lists three marriages with issue:
(1) MARY ; a half-breed Cree (who now lives up North and is married to a Cree Indian). Her father was Charley De Maer (1/2 Cree and 1/2 White; now dead), and her mother was NELLIE (1/2 Cree and 1/2 White, now dead). ISSUE: FRANK MUNRO (JR.) - 1/4 Piegan and 1/4 Cree; now lives (1906-7) on the North Fork of the Milk River.
(2) A CREE Woman - had children but now dead. No Issue.
(3) MARY - Kills At Edge Of Water - (Full Piegan) married at Choteau 28 years ago by Indian Custom, and later at Sun River by a Catholic Priest. PARENTS: Middle Calf (dead) is father [his parents: Red Paint (f) and Little Mice (m)]; Catches Inside (dead) is mother [her parents: Middle Bull (f) and Eh-sin-ah-ka (m)]. She states all her brothers and sisters died when she was small. ISSUE: Five Children: LOUIS (26 yrs) and ANTOINE (20 yrs) MUNRO.
Had a daughter "Rosey" who married George Cook, a white man living on the reservation, and had daughters Isabelle Cook and Nellie Cook (both now at school). The girls have lived with her and Frank Munroe; when at school they are looked after by their father. (Mary was also once wife of a full Piegan named Weasel Shoe - son of Weasel Shoe and Good-Walk-Across-The-Way)

IN 1906-7 Frank Munro was living "on the other side of Cut Bank."

FRANK MEETS THE REAL-BEARS

In the summer of 1922 James Willard Shultz met with his old Piegan Indian friends while camping on the banks of the Two Medicine Lodges River in Montana. His book entitled "Friends Of My Life As An Indian," contains tales about both Frank Munro and his father Hugh Munro, the "White Blackfoot" known as Rising Wolf. At this time Frank, or "Heavy Eyes" as he was known to the Piegans, was the last surviving son of Hugh. Frank relates the adventure in which he was mauled and crippled by a Grizzly bear:

In the first Autumn month of 1889, Heavy Eyes, his nephew, Blackfeet Man (William Jackson) and Shultz, after long weeks of heavy work in their hayfields, decided to have a good hunt for fresh meat. They struck out for the mountains with a team and wagon, saddle horses and camping gear and were soon camped along the Two Medicine Lodge Lake. Leaving the two younger men to set up the Lodge and make camp, Frank struck out for the nearby ridge to shoot a deer among the quaking aspen trees. After a brief interval the campers heard a shot and then three more in quick succession, and later, several more. Thinking Frank would soon return with a deer or elk, they gathered a lot of dry cottonwood branches and made a fire for cooking. After a long time they finally saw him riding down through the quaking aspens to the river. They were alarmed to see that he was swaying in the saddle, hanging on to the saddle horn with both hands, his hat gone, and of his clothing only a few sheds of his shirt remained. They ran to meet him, but just as he came to the near shore of the river he fell from his horse in a dead faint. He was the bloodiest, worst torn man that they had ever seen. His face, right hand, right shoulder, and right leg were terribly mangled. He came to long enough to murmur, "Real Bear, did me wrong."
Seeing that Frank's wounds were too serious for them to heal, Schultz bathed the wounds, and dressed them and his broken bones as well as he could and helped to load him into the back of the wagon. Jackson hitched the team and left on the long trip to take Frank to the doctor at the Agency on Badger Creek.
Knowing the danger of camping in the proximity of a wounded Grizzley bear, Schultz loaded his heavy Winchester and set out to retrace Frank's bloody trail. On the Aspen ridge he soon found the site of the bear fight. Below a wide, thick growth of servis-berry brush the ground was trampled, torn, and splotched with black dried blood, and from there two bloody trails went west along the ridge. In following these he came to a damp ravine and there found four distinct bear trails. He followed the bloody trails until they passed into heavy pine and fir forest. Although he hunted for three full days he was unable to find the wounded bears. On the fourth day Jackson returned with the wagon. Although Frank had nearly died from loss of blood the Government physician now thought he would live, although he would be crippled for life.
Now Frank related his details of this terrifying experience: First he explained that the night previous to leaving home he had a dream or vision in which he saw himself standing upon a big log in a heavy forest looking for game when two real-bears appeared and warned him if he attempted to harm them he would be sorry for it as long as he lived. He did not tell anyone of his vision, but resolved to heed the bear's warning.
When they arrived at the camping place and he set out to kill a deer he found game trails but no fresh deer tracks. He found one old game path was being used by bears, and that accounted for the absence of deer. As he rode up higher on the ridge he came to where the service-berry brush was black with its heavy load of ripe fruit. Wrapping the bridle rope several turns around his left arm to prevent his horse from straying, Frank got down to gather the ripe berries. Suddenly his horse snorted, and he saw it was staring at something on the ridge behind him. Looking that way he saw a big real-bear feeding on the berries. He thought at once of the warning given in his vision, but the bear was so fat he wanted him for he would provide enough cooking grease for all winter. Over-riding his best judgement he raised his rife and fired at the bear. He heard the bullet splat into him and the bear gave a roar of pain. At the sound three other bears rose up close by him and stared about. The wounded bear had disappeared from sight and Frank thought that he had killed him, so he fired at one of the others. That bear then roared in anger and charged for Frank. He fired the rife at him again and again, knowing from the sound that the bullets struck him, but he kept coming. The real-bear sprang upon Frank, biting and mauling him as they rolled down the steep ridge with the horse following as the bridle rope was still wrapped around Frank's left arm. Frank was badly hurt and both he and the bear were bleeding copiously. Only two more cartridges remained in the magazine of his rife, and he finally managed to fire both of them. The new wounds only made the bear roar with anger and pain and once more he charged upon Frank and began to maul him again. Caught between Frank and the bear his horse was also fighting and kicking the bear. He fainted and woke to find the horse still kicking the bear. He became unconscious and finally again woke to terrible pain. Blood was running from his face, his torn and mangled shoulder and breast, and his crushed hand. His horse was close by with his haunches torn and bleeding. After many tries he at last managed to crawl up onto the saddle and the faithful horse delivered him to the camp place.
Frank did not fault the bear for injuring him but, rather, maintained he was crippled for life for failing to heed the warning of his vision!

FRANK MUNROE ON BLACKFOOT CENSUS

Blackfoot Indian Agency census: 1890 to 1896 MF#573849

Age in: 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896
FRANK MONROE Husb 41 42 43 44 45 47 49
Mary Hill-On-Edge W 32 39 40 41 42 44 44
Lewis/Louis Son 7 8 9 10 11 11 14
Frank Son 5 6 7 8 - - -
Antoine Son 1 2 3 4 6 7 9

On the 1920 allotment census of the Blackfoot Indian Reservation Frank Munroe, Sr. is listed: #1801 Frank Munroe, Sr. Widower, allot #1895 b. 1846

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: Mary De Maer. Mary was born about 1848 in Red River; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Francis married Mary Kills At Shore about 1888. Mary was born about 1855; was christened in in Full Piegan; died in Jul 1915. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Siblings reported "another brother - name unknown - also dead." (1906-7)

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

BIO:Joseph, son of John Munro, lists Amelia Anos as his "half-sister" but does not define her mother. She is not the daughter of Isabella Calder, nor Justine.

BIO:Is this the correct Amelia Anos ? These are the only Anos families in N.W.T. 1881 Census North West Territory, Alberta, Bow River, Microfilm # 137591-2 Page 16-17, Dwelling 105:

TBL:ANOS, Baptiste age 22 b. N.W.Terr R. Catholic French Laborer
Amelia (wife) 30 " " "
Amelia 4 " "
Peter 3 " "
Catherine 2 " "

BIO:1891 Census, Alberta, Canada, Dist 197, 15(b) Red Deer, April 6, 1891, Family #113, MF #1465850

TBL:ANNAS, Baptiste age 38 Manitoba F b. Manitoba M b. Manitoba FARMER
Isabell (wife) 42 " " "
Emellia Dau 15 N.W.Terr " "
Peter Son 14 " " "
Jane Dau 12 " " "
Isobell Dau 10 " " "
Baptiste Son 8 " " "

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Family/Spouse: Baptiste Anos. Baptiste was born about 1858 in , , Northwest Territories, Canada; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Francis "Frank" Munro

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Notes:

BIO:1936 Blackfoot Indian Census Roll:

TBL:#2549 Angus Monroe Age 49 b. 5-27-1887 1/2 Blackfoot #2550 Lillie Wren (w) Age 44 b. 3-16-1892 1/4 Blackfoot #2551 Floyd Monroe Age 23 b. 12-13-1913 3/8 Blackfoot #2552 Harvey Monroe Age 21 b. 10-15-1915 3/8 Blackfoot #2553 Luwanna Monroe Age 19 b. 6-10-1914 3/8 Blackfoot #2554 Juanita Monroe Age 18 b. 12-19-18 3/8 Blackfoot #2555 Harold Monroe Age 16 b. 5-2-1920 3/8 Blackfoot

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Angus married Lillie Wren about 1912. Lillie was born on 16 May 1892; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Family/Spouse: McLeod. was born about 1846; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:JOSEPH IN CANADA & MONTANA

BIO:Baptismal Certificate:

TBL:Little Flower Parish, Browning, MT Name: Joseph Monroe Father: Hugh Monroe Mother: Piegan Woman Born: Before 1855 Baptized: 19 Oct 1855 BY: Rev. James Crocker

BIO:Joseph was born on the Saskatchewan River in Canada. He first came on the Blackfeet Reservation when he was 12 years old. He used to travel back and forth on the road in Montana and Canada until he was married in 1884. He lived in McLeod until 1890. He came to the Reservation in October, about one month before Major Monteath. He has lived here ever since. In 1884 he was married at Fort McLeod to Elizabeth Whiteford by an Episcopal Clergyman.

BIO:Joseph appears on this Blackfoot Reservation School Census dated abt 1899. (MF #1275621 - National Archives Records of Blackfoot Indians - SLC 1994

TBL: Joseph Munro Father age 38
Hugh son 3
Mary daughter 16 Willow Creek school
Jennie daughter 13 "
Eliza daughter 11 "
Amelia daughter 9 "
Alice daughter 6 "
Sarah daughter 4

BIO:1910 Federal Census, Blackfoot Indian Reservation, Teton County, MT, ED 231, Sheet 36A, Dwelling #265 MF #1374848 SLC 1995

TBL:JOSEPH MONROE Head age 48 born Canada Father b. MT Mother b. Canada
Elizabeth Wife 46 Canada MT Canada
Jennie daughter 20 Montana Canada Canada
Amelia daughter 16 " " "
Alice daughter 14 " " "
Sarah daughter 10 " " "
Hugh son 11 " " "
Charles son 7 " " "
Andrew son 3 " " " Both Joseph and Elizabeth state they have been married 26 years.

BIO:JOSEPH DIES AT AGE 47

TBL:Joseph dies in November of 1911 leaving a widow with 3 daughters and 3 small sons to raise. The 1916 Reservation census does not list Elizabeth as she is not enrolled. Living with her, however, are the following enrolled children: Jennie, Alice, Hugh, Charles and Andrew. Daughter Amelia is listed alone as: Amelia Monroe Loring with son Horace Joseph Loring (2 yrs) Daughter Sarah appears as: Sarah Monroe with son Calvin James Monroe (1 yr)

BIO:Blackfoot Reservation Births and Deaths MF#1275621 & 1275622

TBL:#877 Joe Munroe Age 47 on 29 November, 1911 Inform: Lizzie Munroe, Wife.

BIO:1920 Federal Census, Blackfoot Reservation, Glacier County, MT ED 126, Browning, DW 78 MF #1820971 SLC 1994

TBL:ELIZABETH MONROE Widow Age 56 b. Canada Father b. Canada M b. Canada
Charles Son 17 b. MT
Andrew Son 12 b. MT

TBL:Hugh has died before the 1920 census (no death date available.)

BIO:JOSEPH ENROLLS FAMILY ON BLACKFOOT RESERVATION

BIO:Affidavit for Blackfoot Reservation Roles Application

TBL:State of Montana
County of Teton
I, Joseph Munroe, a half blood Piegan Indian 46 years of age, after being first duly sworn, deposes and say:
My father was John Munroe, a half blood Piegan Indian, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency as No. 173. My father died August 12, 1908.
My father's father was Hugh Munroe, a white man, now deceased.
My father's mother was Foxwoman, a full blood Piegan Indian, now deceased.
My mother was Isabelle Calder Munroe, now deceased. I know nothing of my mother's antecedants or relatives.
My father's brothers and sisters are as follows: Amelia Fox, full sister, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency as No. 2004; Frank Munroe, full brother, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency as No. 1885; Lizzie Smith, full sister, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency as No. 1365.
My brothers and sisters are as follows: Angus Munroe, half brother, same father, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency, Montana, as No. 174; William Munroe, full brother, Campbell Munroe, full brother, Victoria Munroe McKay, full sister, Sophia Munroe Powell, full sister, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency, Montana as No. 1298.
My grandparents, Hugh Munroe and Foxwoman, were married in the Indian country about the year 1823 and traveled with the Piegan Indians all over the 'buffalo country' in what is now the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, and the State of Montana. My father, John Munroe was born at Fort Benton, Montana.
I was born on the Saskatchewan River, about the year 1863. I first came to the Blackfoot Reservation, Montana, when I was three years old; and again when I was 12 years old; from that time until I was married in 1884, I traveled back and forth between Canada and Montana. I was married on January 12, 1884, at Fort McLeod, Canada, to Lizzie Whitford Munroe, my present wife. I lived in Fort McLeod from 1884 until October 1900, when I moved onto the Blackfoot Reservation, Montana, where I have lived ever since. I have drawn rations and small articles of issue from the Indian stores at the Blackfoot Agency, Montana.
I have nine children and two grandchildren as follows:
Mary, wife of Thomas Burd, born at McLeod, Alberta in 1886. Thomas Burd is enrolled at Blackfoot Agency, Montana as No. 283. Thomas and Mary Burd have a child, a boy, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency as No. 283 b.
Jennie Munroe, born at Sheep Creek, Alberta, August 28, 1888. Jennie Munroe has one child, a girl, named Christine Munroe, born on the Blackfeet Reservation, Montana, on July 6, 1908.
Lizzie Munroe, born at LaCombe, Alberta, June 20, 1890.
Amelia Munroe, " " Tail Creek, " June 15, 1892.
Alice Munroe, " " Battle River, Saskatchewan, June 22, 1894.
Sarah Munroe, " " Victoria, " Feby. 4 1896.
Hugh Munroe, " " Buffalo Lake, Alberta, June 21, 1898.
Charles Munroe " on Blackfeet Indian Reservation, Montana, November 20 1903
Andrew Munroe " " " " " August 20, 1906

TBL: I desire that I and my children, Mary Burd, Jennie, Lizzie, Amelia, Alice, Sarah, Hugh, Charles and Andrew Munroe, and my grandchild, Christine Munroe, be recognized as members of the Piegan tribe of Indians and enrolled as such at Blackfeet Indian Agency, Montana. His
Joseph X Munroe
Mark
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 13 day of July, 1909.
James M. Arnoux
U.S. Commissioner
Dist of Montana

BIO:LAND RECORD FOR JOSEPH MUNROE FAMILY

BIO:Undated (probably about 1920) Land Records for Blackfoot Reservation:
MF #1275622 NATIONAL ARCHIVES SLC LDS LIB. 1995

TBL: #1141 JOSEPH MUNROE age 47 Head of house d. Nov 29, 1911
W/2 of SW/4 S4 T31 R12 = 320.27 ACRES
S33 T32 R12 = 80 ACRES
#1142 JENNIE MUNROE age 25 N/2 NE/4 S32 T35 R8 = 80 ACRES
#1143 CHRISTINE MUNROE 3 N/4 NW/4 S32 T35 R8 }
NE/4 NE/4 S19 T36 R10} =80 ACRES
#1144 LIZZIE VAILE 23 DAU of #1141 WIFE OF WHITE MAN
11441/2 EDWARD VAILE 6 MO SON of #1144
1145 AMELIA MUNROE 21 DAU of #1141
1146 ALICE MUNROE 19 DAU of #1141
1147 SARAH MUNROE 17 DAU of #1141
1148 HUGH MUNROE 15 SON of #1141 DEAD
1149 CHARLES MUNROE 11 SON of #1141
1150 ANDREW MUNROE 8 SON of #1141

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Joseph married Elizabeth Ann Whitford in 1884 in Fort Mcleod, Alberta, Canada. Elizabeth was born on 12 Aug 1864; was christened on 26 Dec 1905 in Little Flower CA, Browning, Montana; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:On her August 1, 1909 affidavit to the BIA Victoria states she was born at Devil's Lake, Canada in 1861. She left there at an early age and came to Fort Benton. Her family traveled from place to place until she was five years old when she went to Edmonton with her parents. They stayed there in the summer and followed the buffalo herds. When she was 12 years old they moved to Rocky Mountain House, Canada for about 3 years. She then went to Calgary where she married Percy Robinson, a white man. In 1877 she moved to Fort Benton with her husband and they moved from place to place. She separated from Robinson in MacLeod, Canada and stayed there for six years. She then moved to the Blackfoot Reservation and stayed with her father. She received rations, tools, two wagons, cattle and stoves before her ticket was taken up. She married McKay in 1898. In 1901 she moved to Cypress Hills and they have lived there ever since.

TBL:1861 Born at Devil's Lake, Canada 1862 Moved to Fort Benton, MT, with parents 1866 Moved to Edmonton, Canada, with parents 1873 Moved to Rocky Mountain House, Canada, with parents 1876 Moved to Calgary and married Robinson 1877 Moved to Fort Benton, MT 1883 Separated from Robinson at Fort McLeod, Canada 1889 Moved to Blackfoot Reservation, MT 1898 Married William McKay 1901 Moved to Cypress Hills

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: Cecil Dermy. Cecil was born about 1859; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Victoria married Percy Robinson about 1877 in Calgary, , Alberta, Canada. Percy was born est 1859; died about 1909. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Victoria married William McKay in 1898. William was born about 1859; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:WILLIAM IN CANADA & MONTANA

BIO:Blackfoot Indian Agency Enrollment 1908:

BIO:William was born near Edmonton, Canada in November of 1847. He was sent to High Bluff, Manitoba to school. He was at Rocky Mountain Fort near the head of the Saskatchewan River in 1869-70. He came to Montana in 1887 and the returned to Calgary. He stayed near the mountains one winter and then went to Stoney Plains, 13 miles west of Edmonton. Stayed there about 5 years and then came to the Blackfeet Reservation and has remained here ever since. (1908) William is listed on the Blackfoot census of 1900 as 45 years old, with wife, Jennie*, 29. His children are listed as John or William Wallace (9), Isabelle (7), Donald (6), and Henry (2). He identifies his wife as Mary Virginia, married August 28, 1887 at Calgary by the Catholic priest. Her brothers and sisters are listed as living in Calgary and Edmonton, Canada.

TBL:*Probably "Ginny" as nickname for "Virginia."

BIO: In 1909 the children are listed as: John, 19 yrs; Isabelle Baer, 17 yrs; Donald Munro 15 yrs; Henry Munro 10 yrs; Mason Munro 8 yrs; Montcalm Munro 5 yrs; Ethel Munro 3 yrs; Louis Munro born January 8, 1910.

BIO:AFFIDAVIT FOR BALACKFOOT ROLLS APPLICATION:

TBL:State of Montana County of Teton
I, William Munroe, a half blood Piegan Indian 42 years of age, after being first duly sworn, deposes and say:
My father was John Munroe, a half blood Piegan Indian, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency as No. 173. My father died August 12, 1908.
My father's father was Hugh Munroe, a white man, now deceased.
My father's mother was Fox Woman, a full blood Piegan Indian now deceased.
My mother was Isabelle Calder Munroe, now deceased. I know nothing of my mother's antecedants or her relatives.
My father's brothers and sisters are as follows: Amelia Fox, full sister, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency as No. 2004; Frank Munroe, full brother, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency as No. 1885; Lizzie Smith, full sister, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency as No. 1365.
My brothers and sisters are as follows: Angus Munroe, half brother, same father, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency, Montana as No. 174; Joseph Munroe, full brother; Campbell Munroe, full brother; Victoria Munroe McKay, full sister; Sophia Munroe Powell, full sister, enrolled at Blackfoot Agency, Montana as No. 1365.
My grandparents, Hugh Munroe and Fox Woman, were married in the Indian country about 1823, and traveled with the Piegan Indians all over the Buffalo country and in what is now the Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and the State of Montana. My father, John Munroe, was born near Fort Benton, Montana.
I was born near Edmonton, Canada, in the year 1867. When I was two years of age I was sent to school at High Bluffs, Manitoba; after leaving school I traveled back and forth between the Provinces of Canada and the state of Montana. I was in Montana in 1887, from there I went back to Canada and stayed there until about the year 1900 when I returned to the Blackfoot Indian Reservation, Montana, and have lived here ever since. Just before I returned to the Blackfoot Reservation I recieved word from Major Mauger, who was then Indian Agent at Blackfoor Indian Agency, Montana, that it was desired that all that had tickets coming on the reservation should come there to live, and that he wanted me to come on the reservation at once.
I have in my possession an old ration monthly draft which shows that I and my wife, with two children, drew rations from the ration stores, and in the third quarter beef. This ticket shows that my family number was ___.
I was married on August 28, 1887 to Mary Virginia Poktt, my present wife, at Calgary, Alberta.
I have seven children as follows:
John Munroe, born at Stoney Plains, N.W.T. July 9, 1890
Donald Munroe, " " " " December 31, 1893
Henry Munroe, born at Blackfoot Indian Reservation February 11, 1899
Maron Munroe " " " " December 22, 1901
Malcolm Munroe " " " " November 1, 1904
Ethel Munroe " " " " November 15, 1906
Isobel Munro Keir, wife of John Keir, b. at Stoney Plains, N.W.T.,
Canada, April 11, 1892
I desire that I and my seven children be recognized as members of the Piegan tribe of Indians and enrolled as such at the Blackfoot Indian Agency, Montana.
(S) William Munroe
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 13th day of July, 1909. (Widow-Jas M Arnoux) Frances M. Arnoux
U.S. Commissioner as Secy.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

William married Mary Virginia Poktt on 28 Aug 1887 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Catholic. Mary was born in 1862-1863; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Campbell Munro is listed as a dependant of his father, Joseph, but as head of his own family from 1891-1900. His wife is listed as "Frizen" and children as Alfred, Ben, Henry Campbell and Isobelle. In 1900 he is listed as 33 years old and Frezen as 25 yrs. No details are given as to their life history.

BIO:Gerald Morrison lists the following children:

TBL:Henry b. 1906 Muriel Benjamin Joseph Collin b. 1911 William Clara F. Grant Nora Louise Albert Eva John Helen

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Campbell married Frizen Whetford about 1893. Frizen was born in Apr 1875 in Montana; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Sophia married Hunter Powell in 1891 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Catholic. Hunter was born about 1859; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:An early Blackfoot census (probably 1905) lists Agnes Munroe as married in January 1891 by a Catholic priest to Kennerly

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Isabelle married Kennerly in Jan 1891. was born about 1870; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

BIO:Eloise King (Lives in Calgary) is listed as the daughter of deceased Felix Munro, brother of John, Amelia, etc. on the deposition given by Joseph at the Blackfoot agency in about 1906-7. Is this the Louise King listed on the Bow River 1881 N.W. Territory Census living next to Julia Roselle and Amelia Anos ?

TBL;Bow River Census, Page 17, Dwelling 108 MF #1375921-2 1881 CANADA
KING, George age 34 Born England Innkeeper.
Louise, wife age 21 Born N.W. Territory, Roman Catholic, French
George, son age 3 months.

BIO:Gerald Morrison also lists the following as children of Louise: Mary King b. 1880; George King b. 1881; George King b. 1884; Edward King b. 1885.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: George Clift King. George was born about 1849; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

Wife of Tony Cobell; lives on Flathead Reservation.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Family/Spouse: Tony Cobell. Tony was born about 1854; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Lived on south fork of the Milk River.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Julia married George W. Cook on 9 Jul 1889 in St Peter Mission. George was born about 1864; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:William states in 1908 that he is 1/4 Piegan - his father William Smith, a white man. His first wife was a Blood Indan woman; they had no children. He now lives at Pike Lake near the Canadian line.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

William married Amy Augare on 1 Feb 1902 in Holy Family Miss, , MT. Amy was born about 1886; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Wife of Charles Buckley; lives at Great Falls; has children going to school there (1907)

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9 Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Matilda married Charles Buckley before 1900. Charles was born about 1878; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Lives at Summit, MT; married (1907) States on his deposition in 1908 that he lives on Livermore Creek, and has lived there 5 or 6 years up to last fall. Left in September and went to Kalispell, MT. Listed as 1/4 Piegan; 25 years old. Married to Lillian at Dupuyer by Methodist minister and later by Priest on the Milk River.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Samuel married Lillian Aspen on 15 May 1905 in Dupuyer. Lillian was born about 1886; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Wife of Charles Delaney (1907)

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9 Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Family/Spouse: Charles Delaney. Charles was born about 1883; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lives on Livermore Creek with mother; age 20 in 1907

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

BIO:ROBERT JACKSON, INDIAN SCOUT

BIO:He was reported as living in Denver, Colorado in 1906-8. Robert Jackson was also an Indian Scout with Custer and others in 1874 to 1878. No records are found of his life after the Indian wars.

BIO: The children here are listed as children of Robert Jackson, as they are on the Blackfoot Indian Roles in 1898 with Amelia (Munro) Jackson Fox as her grandchildren. Her son William's children are listed with his family and are not the same as these. No marriage documentation has yet been found for Robert Jackson, but Blackfoot records do contain references to his family.

BIO: Eliza Jackson remains with her grandmother on the 1901 through 1903 census roles, along with Amelia's son Alexander Fox and his daughter, Mable Fox. There has been some suggestion that perhaps some of the other Jackson children died of one of the numerous epidemics that plagued the Blackfoot tribe during these years.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Robert married about 1877. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Undated census on Blackfeet Reservation (probably after 1900) The following children of William Jackson are living together: Thomas Jackson #1 Head of house Thomas Jackson #2 1/2 Brother Mildred Jackson 1/2 sister Hugh (William) J. 1/2 Brother Maggie Jackson 1/2 sister Annie Jackson 1/2 sister

BIO:WILLIAM JACKSON - "SIKSIKA'IKOAN" BLACKFOOT MAN

BIO:In the spring of 1896 Walter McClintock went into northwestern Montana as a member of a Government expedition appointed by President Cleveland to advise the Secretary of the Interior on US Forest Reserve policy. McClintock went as photographer and to help in the forest surveys. They had two guides: an Indian scout of the Blackfeet tribe, William Jackson, and Jack Monroe, a white man who was married into the tribe. When the survey was completed McClintock went with William Jackson across the Glacier Park area to his home on the Blackfeet Reservation. In his book OLD INDIAN TRAILS (Houton Mifflin Co., 1923) he writes about his time with Jackson and the Blackfeet:

TBL:"My guide was near middle age. He had a swarthy complexion, black hair and high cheek bones of an Indian; but he did not look like a full blood. He was tall and slender, with an impressive manner; fluent of speach and polite and suave. His father was a white man named Jackson, an early pioneer, a Rocky Mountain Hunter and trapper, his mother an Indian woman. The son was called Billy Jackson by white men and Siksika'i-koan (Blackfoot Man) by the Indians.
He was an unusual Half-breed as he raised himself above the popular prejudice against half-breeds. He was liked and respected by both white men and Indians. Honest and industrious, generous and kind, he was always ready to help any who came to his ranch. He stood high in the councils of the Blackfoot tribe; and served honorably as scout for Generals Custer, Miles and Reno in the Indian wars.
The scout was a good guide in the wilderness; on him I could depend. He knew the trails of the plains and mountains and handled with skill the wild Indian horses. Self-reliant in time of danger, he had the quiet manliness and courage that knew no fear; a keen sense of humor and a wonderful knowledge of nature. On the trail he was cheerful; he never disputed, found fault or cursed. He was courteous and had the quiet manners of a gentleman. At night by the camp-fire Siksika'i-koan told about his life. Most of his youth was spent north of the Line (49th parallel) among the Cree Indians in Canada. In those early days on the plains he was daring and reckless, and suffered permanent injuries. In 1874 he was scout for General Custer on his expedition to the Black Hills of Dakota, and went with him against the Souix. He served under General Miles and General Terry, and the Government of the Northwest Territories in the Riel Rebellion.
On the day when General Custer and his battalion of the Seventh Cavalry were cut to pieces by the Souix, Siksika'i-koan was with Reno's command. With fifteen scouts he made a stand and tried to stop the Indians. In that charge all but two of those brave scouts were killed. Bloody Knife and Siksika'i-koan alone were left. Then Bloody Knife shook hands and said "This is the last day I shall ever fight." He rushed among the enemy, killed two and was slain himself. Jackson escaped and lay in the river close to the bank. After two days and nights of terrible exposure and without food, he made his way with two white soldiers to Reno's command on the bluffs above the river. In the night he led them past the Souix sentinels through his knowledge of the Sioux language. (This incident is referred to in the Report of General W.T. Sherman, Secy of War, 1876, p.33.)

BIO:HIS EARLY LIFE AT FORT BENTON

BIO:William Jackson narrated the story of his early life and the Custer campaign with the Souix to Shultz who told the story in his book: "William Jackson Indian Scout."

BIO:William Jackson was born at Fort Benton, the American Fur Company Post on the Missouri River on August 27, 1856, the second son of Amelia Munro and Thomas Jackson. There, in the time of Factor Andrew Dawson, Thomas Jackson, who had entered the employ of the American Fur Comapny in 1835, was the post tailor. He spent all of his time within the fort and had no interest in hunting, fishing or the rugged outdoor life. He was the son of an old Virginia family and was adament that his sons were taught to read and write proficiently.

BIO:William, when given the opportunity, was an avid shadow of his grandfather, Hugh Munro, or Rising Wolf as he was commonly known to everyone, who was the fort "hunter." He was responsible for providing meat for all the fort needs, a complement of about forty persons and their families.William's uncles and Aunts, John, Francois, and Lizzie, also were helpers in the hunting and lived in the spacious quarters provided for the family. Both William and his older brother, Robert, had aspirations to be great hunters like Rising Wolf.

BIO:Times were quiet in the Dakota Territory at this time. Buffalo and other game was plentiful on the plains. For the most part the Blackfeet and surrounding tribes were co-existing without conflict. The American Fur Company steamboats arrived regularly with supplies and trade goods, and left with loads of buffalo, beaver, wolf and other skins from the Indian trade.

BIO:However, with the winter of 1863-4 came indications of change, and when the first steamboat arrived in the Spring it brought orders of great concern. Accusing the men of the American Fur Company of being Confederate sympathizers, and against the Union, the Washington authorities refused to renew the trading license of the company, and Mr. Dawson was ordered to dispose of Fort Benton as best he could. Dawson turned over the post to his two clerks Matthew Carroll and George Steell, loaned them money to continue the business, and left on his long journey to Scotland.

BIO:Suddenly Thomas Jackson was unemployed. Rising Wolf was restless and unhappy with the new arrangements, and could only think how much he again yearned to be a "free trapper" and return to the mountains that he loved. Not only that, he wanted to take ALL of his family with him. For Christmas this year instead of the usual toys, games and story books sent out from the east, the boys each found in their packages a hunting outfit, complete with a brand-new cap-lock rifle!

BIO:Rising Wolf and his extended family gathered their belongings, bought traps and needed supplies from the sutler, and loaded the assembled bundles onto the backs of their expanded herd of riding and pack horses,and, much to the delight of William and Robert, were soon off to the mountains.

BIO;EARLY ADVENTURES WITH GRANDFATHER "RISING WOLF"

BIO:They camped first at Two Medicine Lodge Lake at the edge of the mountains. They pitched their three buffalo cow leather lodges by the lake. Uncle John and his wife occupied one lodge, the grandparents, Uncle Francois and Aunt Lizzie the second, and the four Jacksons the third. The next day time was spent in completing the campsite, making a corral and marking the perimeter of their area. While Rising Wolf was thus occupied Robert and William wandered away looking for game. With their new rifles they were sure they could shoot an elk or deer. Suddenly a noise in the bush attracted Robert and he was sure it was a buffalo. Without a clear view he shot into the exposed dark hide and a tremendous roar and snarl exposed the "Buffalo" as actually a huge Grizzly Bear!

BIO:Robert turned and ran as fast as he could for the camp. William, remembering the advice that it was better to stand and confront a bear, aimed and emptied his rifle into it. The shot only made the bear more irate and he angrily charged. William turned and ran, yelling every step of the way for his grandfather! Seeing that the bear was gaining fast, William sought refuge in a willow tree, too low and too late ! With one swipe of his big paw the grizzly ripped through his pant and raked the back of his leg, and was ready for a second assault when Rising Wolf killed the bear with his gun. Of course the boys were then subjected to long lectures on behavior, responsibility, and the finer points of hunting in general, and bear hunting in particular. Their independant activities were also drastically curtailed - after all, they were only 8 and 10 years old !

BIO:Around the cheerful fire of Rising Wolf's lodge that night plans were made for the beaver trapping lines. It was agreed that John and Francois would trap down the river and it's forks, and Rising Wolf would take his son-in-law Thomas and teach him to set traps along the river above the head of Two Medicine Lodge Lake. Amelia was satisfied with this arrangement as that would leave William and Robert to guard the camp, herd the horses and help with chores. But William joined Robert in protesting vigorously that this was a totally unfair arrangement. They both were adament in wanting to join their grandfather in learning to trap. As mothers and grandmothers universally do, Amelia and Fox Woman protested that the boys were too young and it was unsafe for them so far from the camp. The argument was soon settled, however, when Aunt Lizzie calmly announced that, of course, the boys were to go with their grandfather and learn to trap. It was their right and legacy, and SHE needed no help in guarding the camp or herding the horses; she could do it very well herself. This was no idle boast as there was no braver woman than Lizzie. She had a good small-bore rifle and loved to hunt, and with it she had killed numerous deer, elk, antelope and buffalo.

BIO:Not missing the opportunity to re-inforce his authority and the passing day's lesson in behavior, Rising Wolf agreed with that arrangement, but with the stipulation that the boys would take turns in going with him on the trap line. After all, he would have his hands full teaching two novices the finer points of beaver trapping and dressing hides; he did not need the added highjinks that too often occured when the two inventive boys got together with results similar to that of the morning past. William won the first turn by default as his grandfather announced that Robert would stay in the camp with the women the next day and take time to reflect further on the results of stinging the rear end of a real-bear !

BIO:Up at dawn to turn the horses out to graze and saddle the riding ponies, William bolted his breakfast, too excited to sit by the morning fire. By sunrise he was on the trail to the the north side of the lake, following his father and grandfather and their accumulated traps and gear. They soon came onto a large beaver dam with numerous lodges and beaver swimming in the pond. Before they could even decide where to begin laying the traps, a large bull moose with velvet antlers came sloshing along the lake browsing among the water-weeds. Still needing meat for the camp, Rising Wolf invited Thomas to come with him to head off the moose and try for a good shot. Both he and William were astounded when Thomas said he would wait for them at the beaver dam as he did not want to kill the moose ! Without questioning this wonderful opportunity William scrambled to follow his grandfather around the end to creep quickly up to the top of the beaver dam. There along the river, still sploshing along and coming toward them was the great moose, not fifty yards away.

BIO:As Rising Wolf raised his rife William tugged at his sleeve, and begged for the opportunity of the first shot. With the excitement of the hunt still sparkling in his eyes, Rising Wolf, in a great act of self-denial, allowed William to cock his rife and take the first shot. He fired, saw the moose flinch and turn to run for the protection of the timber, only to flounder awkwardly, stumble, and fall on the bank of the pond. In his eagerness to examine the fallen animal his grandfather had to remind him that a good hunter never moves until he has reloaded his rife. With trembling fingers he reloaded to his grandfather's satisfaction and then scrambled to the site of the kill. Almost unable to contain his excitement and elation at the size of the immense animal, he was pleased and gratified at Rising Wolf's praise of his accurate shooting and promise as a "hunter." He was equally amazed when his father arrived where they were preparing the moose for the pack horses and showed no enthusiasm at all over the kill ! For the first time he realized that his father found no pleasure in hunting and trapping and only saw it as hard and unpleasant work ! William struggled to understand his father's viewpoint, but could find no real appreciation of his feelings.

BIO:Returning to the beaver pond and the main business of setting traps, William followed his grandfather in the intricate process of setting, baiting, scenting and staking traps at three sites. Then, hardly able to contain his excitement, with small corrections by Rising Wolf, he repeated the steps to set the remaining three traps on their side of the beaver pond. When they arrived back at the beginning of the line, there stood Thomas Jackson, out of sorts and wet to the knees, but still with his six beaver traps. Fretfully, he stated he really had no idea how to set the traps and asked Rising Wolf to show him.

BIO:They arrived at camp at sundown with the horses heavily laden with prime moose meat, and William full of talk about the wonderful day he had enjoyed. The moose ribs broiled for supper were long remembered by him as the best tasting he had ever eaten!

BIO:With his belly full of meat and his eyes too heavy to keep open, William was soon fast asleep under his own buffalo robe. Soon Robert was told to join him, and both boys missed the conference that involved the rest of the family around Rising Wolf's flickering fire. In the rising light of dawn they heard with astonishment their father's announcment at breakfast that he had decided to take on the responsibilities of camp guard and horse herder, and both boys were to go with their grandfather to trap. For once not questioning the reason behind this wonderful stroke of luck, both boys ran to assemble their rifles and supplies and raced to saddle the horses chosen for the day. They were also quite amazed to find Aunt Lizzie, clothed in blanket capote and leggings and complete with rife and gear, saddling her own mount in preparation to join them on the trap line ! Aunt Lizzie was full of surprises ! Was she really an experienced trapper? However, William had no doubt of her prowess with the beaver when she took him and rode up beside her father, declaring they as a team would catch more beaver pelts than the team comprised of the other three "men;" Robert and her two brothers, John and Francois. And, for William, all doubts about her experience and sincerity vanished when she even wagered her sorrel-pinto pony in a bet with John that her team would come out ahead ! BIO:They retraced their route to the beaver pond, passing the tracks of grown bears and cubs leading to the remains of the moose carcus where they had eaten during the night. Their horses danced and shied and were exceedingly nervous even after they passed to the beaver pond.

BIO:When they reached the trap site the first two traps yielded nothing, and William felt the disappointment acutely. Had he been mistaken in the traps he set under his grandfather's guidance ? Then on to the third trap that had disappeared entirely ! Only when Rising Wolf showed him how to reach down underwater to retrieve the stake did he realize that his trap had caught a large beaver with a prime pelt ! Then on to the remaining traps with rising excitement with each one that held a beaver. There was the hard work of carefully skinning out the animals before they were loaded onto the horses.

BIO:With the explanation that the beaver would be wary and the trapping poor at the pond until the bear had quit frequenting the moose kill, all the traps were gathered and they rode on up into the mountains to the second lake to find a new site to set the traps. It was dark before they returned to the camp, and Robert and the two men were even later coming in from their line as they had taken time to ride the lower area where they saw many buffalo, deer and elk. They had counted 13 bears seen during the ride; the most of them grizzly bears. They were all pleased with the multitude of game, and Rising Wolf was enthusiastic about the prospect of a great catch of fur for the season.

BIO:The following day they rode back into camp with a total of fourteen prime beaver pelts and one otter, a great take for the day. And so it went for the next five days; riding out of camp with the rising sun, and returning at dusk with horses loaded with game and beaver skins ready for the willow stretchers. Then, on the sixth day, when Robert and the uncles returned to camp they were accompanied by Back-coming-in-sight and other chiefs of the Kootenai Indians, followed closely by 200 lodges of their people. Although it meant the end of their trapping, they were old friends and Rising Wolf welcomed them, preparing a feast. The following day they packed up the camp, loaded the horses, retrieved their traps and took up the trail to the north, making camp two days later at St. Mary's Lakes.

BIO:The sun was setting when Rising Wolf led them through the timber to a large, weather-beaten cross set up on the shore of the lake, at the outlet. There he told them once again how, when he was guiding for Father LaComb, the first Jesuit priest who was appointed Missionary to the Saskatchewan country, the two had made camp at this point, set up the cross, the priest then kneeling beside it, and with prayer naming the two great bodies of water the St. Mary's Lakes. They all sat down to admire the peaceful surface of the lakes and the beautiful mountains and forest surrounding them. Trout breaking the surface to feed as dusk approached soon precipitated a discussion among the women about the dangers of the terrible "Underwater People" who inhabited the lakes, and who would seize those who ventured to swim in the waters and drag them down into the depths where they would never be seen again ! It was a fearsome tale, and doubly so when told with conviction by the grandmother, the aunts, and even re-inforced by the uncles, John and Francois, as the sky darkened and night fell. Their father had told them more than once that the tale was nonsence, and there were no such creatures, and there was nothing to fear as long as they knew how to swim. The boys were surprised that their grandfather had nothing to say on this occassion, made no contribution to the discussion, and seemed to sit quietly contemplating the beautiful surroundings with an extra twinkle in his bright blue eyes.

BIO:With little else to occupy their minds after the evening chores, the tale of the dread water gods again became a subject for discussion between the boys. The warnings and admonitions of the women were raised and examined. Surely there could not be any such monsters...and yet.... Finally, feeling immeasurably superior due to his being two years older, Robert dared William to prove his bravery by going with him to swim in the lake ! In the darkness they sneaked away from the camp and made their way to the water. William, determined to prove he was as brave as his brother, stripped to the skin and plunged into the cold water, and soon they were swimming far out in the lake. Regaining the shore they were exhilarated by the combination of the exercise, the cold water, and their new-found feeling of invincibility as the result of the challange of confronting and conquering their fear. Their father was right - the tale was nonsence ! For good measure they swam out into the lake and back again, wriggled into their damp clothes, slipped into camp and the warm Jackson teepee, and soon after were snug under the warm buffalo robes of their bed. They had agreed that they would keep their little adventure a secret, as they were well aware of the reaction in camp if the women found they had rashly challenged the long-held belief in the Underwater People - even if with impunity !
BIO:If they had not been so taken up with the excitement of their success, and with the need to seek the warmth of their bed and the lodge fire, perhaps they would have noticed their grandfather watching from the willows, or heard his chuckle after they passed by. There was not much that occurred in the camping area that eluded the sharp blue eyes of Rising Wolf ! And he obviously silently agreed with them that it was needless to worry the women with this successful little adventure.

BIO:New trap lines were soon established on the streams leading down into the lake and the catch was plentiful. They averaged at least ten pelts a day for several weeks, until the take dwindled off to only three or four beaver each day. At that point the men all agreed that they would have more success higher up on the upper lake. They spent a day packing, gathering their scattered belongings and preparing for an early morning start to move the camp.

BIO:They were gathered around the fire enjoying a side of freshly roasted moose when suddenly several of the horses in the corral began to snort, and the dogs to bark in alarm. The uncles grabbed their rifles and hurried out into the night, thinking perhaps it was a real-bear after the horses, or even a war party. William, Robert and their father all ran to their lodge to gather their guns, when out in the direction of the corral came the blast of a gun, followed by a shrill cry of pain, and someone shouting in a strange tongue. Assiniboins! An Assiniboin war party ! Finally finding both his powder horn and ball pouch in the darkness William grabbed his rife and raced back to the lodge where he could hear both the women and Rising Wolf calling them. His grandfather lost no time in urging the women out of the lodge with instructions to go together down to the ford in the river where they were to hide in the brush and wait until someone came for them. The guns were booming again out past the horse corral as the women hurried away in the darkness.

BIO:"We must help John and Francois, and save the horses if possible," Rising Wolf urgently informed them as he hurried to lead the way. William was last in line, and soon sensed there was someone behind him ! Thinking it was an enemy he turned suddenly to fire his gun, and bumped right into Aunt Lizzie ! Cautioning him not to reveal her presence, she joined him on the path and they followed the men into the dark and the battle.

BIO:The uncles had located the Indians at the horse corral where they were trying to untie the crossbars at the entry to drive the horses out. They fired and reloaded, locating the crowd of the enemy by the flash of guns. Two or more were hit or wounded and one of the horses lay dead of a stray shot. Hoping to drive them off before the Assiniboins were able to remove the cottonwood rails and scatter the horses into the care of their friends waiting beyond, they all fired again just as the horses and mounted riders stampeded out of the fence and into the night. Before they had finished reloading their rifles the whole herd had disappeared into the timber and they could hear the Assiniboin driving them toward Loud Roaring Creek.

BIO: With reloaded rifles they began to run after the running horses, again with some hope of recovering at least a few of the animals. Thomas soon became winded and was left behind as the others struggled to gain on the fast disappearing animals. Eventually William also stopped to struggle to catch his breath, and realized he was close beside his grandfather. Where the others were he had no idea as they had become separated in the dark. They listened but now could hear no sound of the horses as they left the timber and brush and raced silently across the prairie grass. Suddenly there were shots from the direction of the camp, and lights flickering around the lodges. The Assiniboin were in the camp and firing into the lodges ! By now they were at least a mile from camp when they turned and began the long run back. The women ! Kit Fox Woman, Amelia and John's wife, Isabelle ! Had they left the ford and returned to the lodges ? Suddenly the fire blossomed into three towers of flame as the lodges caught fire and flared out of control, with the smell of scorching hides drifting on the smokey air. Running blindly to keep up, William ran right into Rising Wolf as he suddenly stopped. Grabbing William by the arm, he quickly told him they must turn and run to the ford and make sure the women were there as that was the closer way. Off they ran again and had gone nearly half way when, against the glowing fire, they could see five figures, loaded with bundles, coming toward them.

BIO:Whispering together William and his grandfather agreed on a plan where they would lie quietly in the path and leap up and fire into the group when they were very close to them. Located in their hiding places they waited in stressed anticipation, when suddenly they again heard the thudding of hoofs as the horse herd seemed to be heading their way. The sound of hoofs grew as the herd approached until it was so close that they could hear the dew claws rattling and clicking, and suddenly recognized that this was no horse herd bearing down on them ! As the five enemy with their bundles turned and fled, William and Rising Wolf leaped up and ran to the opposite side of the path. Joining hands they ran and ran to escape to the fringes of the blindly stampeding buffalo herd, soon thinking they would never have the wind to outrun the charging beasts and they would surely be trampled to death. Then, suddenly, the buffalo were gone as quickly as they had appeared, and the two of them were left in the silence of the night with only the dust produced by the churning feet of the animals to mark their passing.

BIO:After recovering from this narrow escape William and Rising Wolf continued on to the ford where they soon located the women, frightened and unhappy, but safe and sound. William soon assured his mother that he really was unharmed, but sadly had to admit that he had no idea what had happened to Robert after they became separated. Guns boomed again down near the mouth of Loud Roaring Creek to prove that some of the men were still out there fighting with the Assiniboin. William was eager to set out again with his grandfather, but was firmly detained by the worried women who, once having found him, were not willing to let him out of their sight again. Within a few minutes Thomas also found the group and was happily reunited with his wife. He also had no knowledge of Robert's whereabouts. He unhappily admitted that he had been wandering about in the dark for most of the night just trying to find some member of the family, and avoiding the hostile Indians. He fretfully complained that they had no business running about out there in the night shooting recklessly at sounds and moving shadows !

BIO:At last, at about two in the morning, they heard the owl call nearby that signaled the arrival of more of the family, and John and Francois joined the group hiding in the bushes. They were both joyfully greeted, with relief that they had escaped harm through the long and eventful night. Unhappily, however, neither of them had seen either Robert or Lizzie since they began the run down toward Loud Roaring Creek.

BIO:Not long after they were again settled to wait out the remainder of the night, they heard the splashing of large animals fording the creek. Thinking perhaps some of the enemy had overheard them in their hiding place, the men made ready their rifles to fire at the first indication of danger. They could see the faint outline of two riders when out of the darkness came the owl call that identified them as Lizzie and Robert. The family was safe and together at last !

BIO:As the long night faded into dawn they all trecked slowly back to view the ravaged campsite. Where the lodges had stood were three piles of charred leather and lodge-pole ends, and scattered blackened remnants of cups and camping gear. The Assiniboin had stolen all the beaver traps, their cans of powder and sacks of balls, the bundled beaver pelts, and even the saddles and gear for the horses. They had then piled the marrow grease and fat dried meat on top of the pulled down lodges and set fire to it all.

BIO:Rising Wolf reminded them that the family was fortunate to have escaped without even one casualty, mounted Fox Woman and Isabelle on the two horses, and led the way on the trail to the south. By sundown of the following day they arrived at their previous camp on the Two Medicine Lodges Lake where they had left the band of Kootenai. The Kootenai had broken camp, however, and gone down the river. By late afternoon of the following day the Kootenai were discovered camping at Little Badger Creek where they had obtained permission from the Peigans to hunt buffalo. The Munros were warmly welcomed, fed to excess, and made comfortable with gifts of lodges, clothing, camp gear, food and supplies and many horses. Three days later the family accompanied the Kootnai band to Bear River where they were safe, at last, with their own Piegan bands.

BIO:After much discussion (in which Thomas refused to take part !) Hugh and his sons decided to go on to Fort Benton where they would obtain traps and supplies on credit, and then cross the Missouri and trap beaver along the streams of the Belt Mountains until the end of the season. Three days later they turned into the Fort Benton river bottom and found there surprising changes! A large log building was being put up just above the fort. There Carroll and Steell were planning to move their store so they could lease or sell the fort to the government.

BIO:Rising Wolf was furious! "This is the beginning of the end for us," he stormed. "The whites will invade the country! They will build a town here, swarm all over the plains and our mountains! They will kill off our meat animals and trap out our fur animals! They will take the land and make beggers of all of us!!"

BIO:Carroll, however was glad to see Hugh and his family. He offered to re-emply all of them, and urged them to move back into their old quarters at the fort. Upon hearing of their losses to the Assiniboin, he even offered to outfit them for another trapping expedition if they were set on returning to the mountains.

BIO:"I've had all the trapping I want !" Thomas exclaimed. "Never again! Never again!"
So Thomas lost no time in accepting Carroll's offer of his old position, and soon had all the Jackson family belongings back in place in his old rooms.

BIO:Rising Wolf and the rest of the family agreed that they were not ready to give up their freedom, and soon had made arrangements for the necessary supplies to continue trapping. And William and Robert were bitterly disappointed at the prospect of being left behind at the fort to study their books, herd the horses, and do the never-ending chores for the women! As the day wore on the boys went first to grandparents, and then to uncles and aunts in their quest for support in convincing their father that they should be allowed to go with the family to trap. They were encouraged when they found even their mother was sympathetic in this request, but were warned to let the adults settle the matter at the proper time.

BIO:Night came. The family had enjoyed the supper that Amelia had prepared with extra care, and Thomas was settled before the fire in his old favorite buffalo-hide-covered chair blissfully smoking his pipe. There could be no better time for the boys to make their request - and it was greeted with the explosion that they had feared! Finally, after many promises and much arbitration, Thomas gave his consent, and the boys joyfully ran to pack their rifles and gear.

BIO:In the latter part of November Hugh and the family were back with six packs of beaver skins that they had trapped on the upper reaches of Deep Creek, the Judith, and the Mussellshell Rivers. They wintered in their old rooms at the fort, and in the spring were off again to trap. Late in the autumn they returned with all the beaver packs that the horses could carry. And so they passed the years, trapping in the mountains from early spring until late fall, and wintering at Fort Benton.

BIO:Meanwhile great changes were occuring at Fort Benton. Soldiers were stationed at the old adobe fort, and one by one a line of new log buildings were erected above the big Carroll and Steell store. Soon there were other stores, a hotel, and several saloons, and small fur trader cabins along the waterfront. Just as Rising Wolf had predicted the area was being spoiled, settled, over-run with a horde of "newcomers," from poor traders to whiskey sellers, and even gold miners and prospectors.

BIO:Hugh bitterly resented this "invasion," and began to talk about going north again to the Saskatchewan country where they would be free of all this wandering band of "pollution." Finally, in the spring of 1870, he decided he could take no more and began making plans for the trek north, and all the family were agreed to go with him. Thomas, however, stated he would never agree to go north into the "wilds," and was determined to go down the river to Fort Buford where his old trader friend, Charles Larpenteur, was sure to give him employment. Furthermore, Thomas was determined to keep his family together, and that his sons would NOT accompany Rising Wolf and the rest of the Munros to Canada ! This time no amount of pleading or bargaining could change his mind, and on a sunny day in early April the boys sadly watched as the grandparents and their aunts and uncles started on the long journey north.

BIO:JOURNEY TO FORT BUFORD

BIO:Thomas sold all his horses and loaded his family and their few remaining belongings on a bateau and set off down the Missouri River for Fort Buford.This excursion was not guaranteed to be a safe trip, as even at this time the war with the Souix, Cheyenne and Nez Perce was brewing, and there were many small war parties out and about the country and along the river. The journey proved to be an exciting time for William and Robert as they floated along, new sights and experiences appearing beyond nearly every bend in the river. They hunted for game to suppliment their provisions, stood watch at their hidden campsites on various small islands, and narrowly escaped a chase by hostile Souix. Eventually, just a few miles below the mouth of the Yellowstone River, they arrived at Fort Buford with the nearby buildings of the Northwest Company post and Larpenteur's trading post. There Thomas was warmly welcomed and offered immediate employment as Larpenteur had become crippled from a broken leg and was in desperate need of an experienced clerk.

BIO:The days settled into the old routine of "book lessons" in the mornings but time in the afternoon to explore the surrounding area. By now Robert was 16 and William 14 years old and tired of "schooling" and ready for more adventure. They were soon well acqauinted with the soldiers at the fort as well as the Indian Scouts hired by the army, and spent many happy hours riding out with them to hunt and survey the surrounding area.

BIO:WILLIAM AS AN INDIAN SCOUT

BIO:When the annual steamboats enroute to Fort Benton arrived in the spring of 1873 they brought the news that the railroad then at Bismark whould be extending to the west, and would be hiring scouts to help in surveying the area. Army troops at Fort Buford, and the new Fort Abraham Lincoln near Bismark, were to act as escort for the railroad builders. Knowing that this was their great opportunity to get on with the army as Indian Scouts, William and Robert at last persuaded their father to sign his permission, and at the age of 17 and 19 they began their first enlistment. They were both to continue with the army for several years, scouting through the earlier skirmishes with war parties, surviving Custer's campaign against the Souix culminating in the Little Big Horn Massacre, and the final battles of the Indian wars.

BIO:WILLIAM ON THE BLACKFOOT RESERVATION

BIO:When the Piegan Indians were restricted to the designated reservation lands in Montana William eventually settled on a farm on the fringes of the future Glacier National Park with his wife, Susan, and two sons, William and Thomas. By 1886 William is married to Mary - also called "White Antelope" - a half-blood piegan woman, and by 1899 they have six children. William is last listed with his family on the 1900 Blackfoot Agency Census at age 40 (#1136). On the 1901 census Mary is listed as a widow (#946).

BIO:Blackfoot Indian Census, National Archives Microfilms, MF#573849 & 573850, Salt Lake City LDS, 1995

TBL: Name 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 # 99 William Jackson Husb 38 39 39 39 40 40 -
Mary Wife 20 22 25 28 29 26 Widow 27
Thomas Son 8 10 11 12 13 14 15
Amelia "Millie" Dau 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Hugh William Son 3 5 5 6 7 9 At school
Margrata "Maggie" Dau 3 3 5 6 6 6
Annie-Mary Dau 1 2 3 4 4
Julia Dau 1 2 3

TBL:After being a widow for about five years Mary married Sam Yellow Wolf.
William had two sons who were commonly called Thomas Jackson. The mother of Thomas #1 was Susan (later m. James Houseman), William's first wife. He then married Mary (last name unknown) and had a son THOMAS JAMES JACKSON, who was commonly called Thomas #2.

BIO:ARMY ENLISTMENT RECORDS FOR WILLIAM & ROBERT JACKSON

BIO: United States Archive Records; U.S. Army Indian Scouts MF#1004661

TBL:#182 Robert Jackson Age 19, Born Dakota Territory
Eyes: Gray Hair: Black
Comp: Dark Height: 5 ft 6 in.
Enlisted June 24, 1874 @ Ft. A. Lincoln Disch: Dec 24, 1874 Ft Lincoln
Dec 24, 1874 @ Ft. A. Lincoln June 24, 1875 Ft Lincoln
Dec 24, 1875 @ Ft. A. Lincoln June 25, 1876 Ft Lincoln
Mar 30, 1877 @ Tongue River June 30, 1877 Tongue R.
On this enlistment he is listed as 21 years old; 5ft 8in Tall.

TBL:#197 William Jackson Age 18, Born Montana Territory
Eyes: Brown Hair: Black
Comp: Dark Height: 5 ft 6 in.
Enlisted: Dec 10, 1874 @ Ft.A. Lincoln Disch: June 10, 1875 @ Ft. Lincoln
June 24, 1875 @ Ft.A. Lincoln Dec. 24, 1875 @ Ft. Lincoln
Dec 25, 1875 @ Ft.A. Lincoln June 25, 1876 Camp L. Horn
June 25, 1876 @ Camp Little Horn Dec. 25, 1876 @ Ft. Lincoln
Mar 30, 1877 @ Camp Tongue River June 30, 1877 Camp T. River
On this enlistment he is listed as 20 years old; 5ft 8 1/2 in Tall.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

William married Susan about 1880. Susan was born about 1860; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

William married Mary White Antelope about 1888. Mary was born about 1870; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Married in 1900 by Methodist Minister; divorced in Kalispell, MT Oct 11, 1904. Age from 1908 Blackfeet census; 32 yrs at that time.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Alexander married Annie Wagner in 1900. Annie was born est 1880; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lived at St, Mary's in 1906. Land was bought out by Reclamation Service. Took land elsewhere.

BIO:SEE AFFIDAVIT LISTED UNDER MARGARET MUNROE HOUSEMAN

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

James married Susan in 1888 in Choteau, Teton Co., Montana, USA. Susan was born about 1860; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:"Maggie" was married three times. Her first marriage, when she was 15 years old, was to Jacob Inman, a white man, at Choteau by a Justice of the Peace, and they had two daughters.

BIO:Her second husband was also a white man, Willis Nickols. They were married on Birch Creek by George Magee, Justice of the Peace and divorced in Choteau in about 1904. They had one daughter, Cecile.

BIO:Maggie's third husband was to James Brown, a Chippewa. They were married 25 October 1904 at Cardston, Canada. They then lived at St. Mary's.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Margaret married Jacob Inmand about 1885 in Choteau, Teton Co., Montana, USA. Jacob was born about 1869; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married Willis Nickols in 1894 in Birch Creek, and was divorced. Willis was born est 1869; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Margaret married James Brown on 25 Oct 1904 in Cardston, Canada. James was born about 1869; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

BIO:Vital Records from the Blackfeet Indian Reservation; Microfilm #1275621 and 1275622 at LDS Library, Salt lake City, UT; recorded VBM 1995.

TBL:"BIRTHS: 8 May 1910 daughter MARY to Frank Monroe and Louise."

TBL:"DEATHS: "Frank Monroe age 41 died 29 August 1910 - Louise Monroe, wife."

TBL:Helen (Ellen) Munro Edmo in her biography by the Blackfeet Heritage (abt 1985) states that her "great-grandfather was Hugh Munro, and her father was Hugh II." On the Blackfoot Agency Rolls and Allotment Census, however, he was invariably listed as "Frank" or "Frank, Jr."

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Francis married Louise Brinkman about 1905. Louise was born about 1870; died about 1920. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Lucy "Rosey" Munro.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Lucy married George C. Cook in 1885 in Fort Mcleod, Alberta, Canada. George was born about 1856; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:The following "marriages" are found in the vital records for the Blackfeet Reservation for Louis Monroe:

TBL:Marriage License # 67 - Blackfeet Agency, MT 14 January 1905 (S) James Monteath, US Indian Agent

TBL: LOUIS MONROE MAGGIE PABLO
#1887 #2109
23 years old 27 years old
3/4 Piegan 1/2 Piegan Father: Frank Monroe #1885 Father: Joe Wall # 33 Mother: Kills On The Shore #1886 Mother: Heifer (dead) Previous marriage: None None
(Return of Marriage Certificate is NOT filled out)

TBL:Marriage License # 108 - Blackfeet Agency, MT
28 November 1906 (S) Capt WSA Retirel, Indian Agent

TBL:LOUIS MONROE MINNIE WHITE SWAN
# 1887 # 1058
Age 25 Age 28
3/4 Piegan Full Piegan F: Frank Monroe Sr. F: Skunk Cap M: Kills On The Shore M: Goes In All Around
(Return of Marriage Certificate is NOT filled out and is marked:
"Cancelled March 1907"

TBL:Marriage License # 125 - Blackfeet Agency, MT
6 June 1907 (S) JW Arc, Indian Agent

TBL:LOUIS MONROE EMMA SHORT ROBE
# 1887 # 488
Age 26 Age 15
3/4 Piegan/Blackfeet Full Piegan/Blackfeet F: Frank Monroe Sr F: Short Robe M: Kills On The Shore M: Going After Water

TBL:Return of Marriage Certificate dated 6 June 1907, Browning, MT F.A. Riggin, Minister of the Gospel Witnesses: Mrs. Ida Riggin
Charles Te Rouche

TBL:BIRTH: July 1910 MARY daughter of Louis Monroe (30) and Maggie (Emma) 19

BIO:Frank states in 1907 that he is living on Grease Wood, 13 miles from the Agency.

BIO:The 1920 Blackfoot Allotment Census lists Louis:

TBL:#1806 LOUIS MUNROE Husband Alot #1898 born 1881 1807 Mary W. * Wife 559 1897 1908 Mary Munroe #3 Dau 1900 1910 1909 Lucile Dau 1915 1910 Aloysius Joseph Son 1916 1911 Sidney Son 1918
*Wife is Mary Wolverine

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Louis married Emma Short Robe on 2 Jun 1907 in Browning, Glacier Co., MT. Emma was born about 1891; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married Mary Wolverine about 1914. Mary was born in 1897; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Louis married Isabell Burdeau after 1923, and was divorced. Isabell was born on 16 Jun 1888; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:1889-90 Census Roll of Blackfeet Indian Reservation Microfilm # 1275623 at LDS Library at Salt Lake City. UT recorded VBM 1995.

TBL: #480 Frank Monroe 41 Head of Family
Kills On Edge 32 wife
Lewis son 7
Frank son 5 ..... Recorded on the 1891 census as 7 yrs old
Antoine son 1 and on the 1892 census as 8 yrs - does not
appear on any census after that date.
Died at age 9 ?

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

TBL:Marriage License # 109 - Blackfeet Agency, MT 18 December 1914 (S) Arthur E.McFatntger, Supt ANTOINE MONROE SERAPHINE HAGAN
Age 25 Age 18 3/4 Piegan 1/2 Piegan F: Frank Monroe John Hagan M: Mary Monroe Not Known

TBL:In the Vital Statistics for 1943-1951 Antoine Monroe is listed as "Born 6-8-1886 - Died 8-4-1944 " Cause of death: Influenza and Lues.

TBL:1920 Allotment census of Blackfoot Reservation: #1802 ANTOINE MUNROE Husband Allot #1897 Born 1888 1803 Seraphine Wife 2098 1897 1804 Frank Son 1918 1805 Margaret Dau 2/17/1916

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Antoine married Seraphine Hagan on 18 Dec 1914. Seraphine was born about 1896; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

*Is this child the same as Peter or Baptiste ?

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries.

Notes:

Is this child the same as Peter or Baptiste ?

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries.

Notes:

BIO:Floyd was a S/SGT in W.W.II and was awarded the AIR MEDAL with OAK LEAF CLUSTER.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Living married Living [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Isabelle "Belle" Mcleod

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Isabelle married Louis Roselle about 1880. Louis was born about 1860; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

BIO:Marriage Licence # 132:

TBL: Blackfoot Agency, Montana State License is hereby issued for the marriage of the following persons:
Thomas Burd Mary V. Monroe
#283 Not enrolled
Age 27 Age 22
1/4 Blood Piegan
Blackfoot (Not enrolled)
Father: Philip Burd Father: Joseph Monroe
Mother: Emma Roche Mother: Lizzie Whitford Monroe
Dated the second day of October, 1907

TBL: Return of Marriage: I hereby certify that Thomas Burd and Mary V. Monroe known by me to be the persons described in the above license, were married by me on the 10th day of October A.D. 1907, at Kilroy, in the State of Montana in compliance with the laws of said State and Territory. Al Soer, Catholic Priest
Holy Family, Teton Co., Montana Witnesses: Henry Burd - Jennie Monroe

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Mary married Thomas Burd on 10 Oct 1907 in Kilroy, , Montana, USA. Thomas was born on 15 Mar 1879; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: Murphy. was born est 1886; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Jennie married James Johnson about 1915. James was born about 1886; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Muench, Lizzie's second husband, was probably a white man as he is not listed by name on the 1936 Blackfoot census:

TBL:Muench, Lizzie Munroe-Vaile Age 46 9/16 Blackfoot Wife
Vaile, Ennis L.
Vaile, Hugh
Vaile, Helen Ruth

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: Chris Vaile. Chris was born est 1888; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Elizabeth married Meunch about 1922. was born about 1888; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Amelia is listed on the 1909 Blackfoot census as married to "Loring, a white man." On the 1936 census she is listed with two Loring sons: Everett (19) and William (17) and as head of the family - Divorced. Her oldest son, Horace J. Loring is listed separately with his wife.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Amelia married William Loring about 1912, and was divorced. William was born about 1890; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Alice Munro is listed as a widow on the 1936 census.

BIO:Marriage License 23 May 1916 Blackfeet Indian Agency, Browning, MT

TBL:GEORGE FRANCIS MAGEE ALICE MONROE
Age 23 Age 20 F: Thomas B. Magee Joseph Monroe M: Julia Grant Magee Lizzie Whitford Monroe

TBL:Return of Marriage: George Francis Magee and Alice Monroe married 3 June 1916 by Al. Soer, Catholic Priest, Browning MT.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Alice married George Francis Magee on 3 Jun 1916 in Browning, Glacier Co., MT, Catholic. George was born in 1891-1892; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Return of Marriage for Blackfoot Reservation

TBL: I certify that James Ferguson (white) and Sarah Ellen Munroe, known by me to be the persons described were married by me on the 29th day of November A.D. 1906, at Kalispel, in the State of Montana in compliance with the laws of the State and Territory. Rev. Leo L. Totten, Kalispell, Montana
Witnesses: Mahlon Hall and Mrs. Leo Totten.

BIO:1936 Blackfoot Indian Census Roll:

TBL:Bill Lancaster (White) #2132 Sarah Monroe Wife Age 40 b. 2-4-1896 9/16 Blackfoot #2133 Calvin Monroe Son Age 21 b. 2-6-1915 9/32 Blackfoot

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Sarah married James Furgeson on 29 Nov 1916 in Kalispell, Flathead Co., Montana, USA. James was born about 1894; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Sarah married William Lancaster before 1931. William was born about 1894; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Joseph Hugh died unmarried at about the age of 20. His allotment land on the Blackfoot Reservation at Browing is now owned by his nephew, Hugh D. Munro.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

BIO:Baptizmal Certificate

TBL:Little Flower Parish, Browning MT Name: Charles David Monroe Father: Joseph Monroe Mother: Elizabeth Ann Whitford Born: 20 November 1903 Baptized: 24 November 1903 By: Rev. J.B. Carroll S.J.

BIO:On the 1920 Allottment Census of the Blackfoot Reservation the Munroe brothers are listed on page 100:

TBL: #1812 {Mother Cree} Hugh Munroe Brother Allot #1148 Born 1896
{Father dead}
1813 Charles Munroe Brother 1149 1903
1814 Andrew Munroe Brother 1150 1906

BIO:Holy Family Mission Sodality Society Records

TBL:Augustine (Hank) Munroe 1901 Antoine Munroe 1901 Campbell Munroe 1903 Mary Munroe 1903 Sarah Munroe 1903 Mary Cecelia Munroe 1911 Charles David Munroe 1911

PICTURE:25F*BROWNING DAY SCHOOL RECORD - WINTER 1914

PICTURE:School tern beginning January 5, 1914 includes student No. 21 Charley Monroe, age 8. This family has now adopted the MONROE spelling of their name.

BIO:Charles was murdered in April of 1952. He was working in the Sunshine Mine in Idaho at that time. He was in a bar on the fatal evening in April when the bartender wanted to close for the night. Another miner who knew Charlie told the bartender he would "see Charlie home." He then put Charlie in his car and drove off. Later he stopped beside the road, pushed Charlie out and beat him to death. The miner was arrested and put into the local jail. However, friends of Charlie threatened to break him out and lynch him, so he was moved. Before the case could come to trial the guilty miner hung himself in his jail cell.

BIO:CHARLIE ! CHARLIE !! CHARLIE !!! WHERE WERE YOU BETWEEN 1920 AND 1957? THERE HAS TO BE SOME INTERESTING STORIES IN YOUR LIFE !!!

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Charles married Ella Cain about 1928. Ella was born about 1908; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Andrew died unmarried by the age of twenty. His allotment land on the Blackfoot Reservation is now owned by his nephew, Hugh D. Munro. (Hugh D. Munroe, 1996)

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

In her 1909 deposition Victoria states the following:

She has a daughter by Cecil Dermy who was an Indian Agent in Canada. This girl is Agnes, wife of James Spence living in Cypress Hills, Canada. Victoria was never married to Dermy.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Agnes married James Spence before 1909. James was born est 1882; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Mary married Henry Wellington Main about 1898. Henry was born about 1880; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

John married Dora Isabelle Burdeau about 1920. Dora was born on 30 May 1898; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Isobel is listed as "Isobel Keir" in 1909 by her father, William Munroe, in his 1909 application for Blackfoot enrollment.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Isabel married Baer before 1908. was born about 1890; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Isabel married John Kier about 1909. John was born about 1890; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Donald married Olive about 1920. Olive was born about 1895; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Henry married Evelyn Capistrant about 1934. Evelyn was born about 1901; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: M. R. Stoffer. M. was born est 1899; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Montcalm is listed on the 1936 Blackfoot Census Roll:

TBL:#2595 Montcalm Monroe age 32 b.11-1-1904 3/8 Blackfoot-Cree
Pauline - wife (White)
Sons: William M., Arthur P. - 3/16 Blackfoot Cree
Daughter: Housta - 3/16 Blackfoot-Cree

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Montcalm married Pauline about 1926, and was divorced. Pauline was born about 1906; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

The 1931 census lists Athold Monroe as 26 years old, single, head of house. There is a notation written in that he is dead.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Listed on 1936 census as single; living with mother, Mary Virginia Monroe.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Cecile married Willett about 1935. was born est 1910; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

BIO:Baptismal Certificate

TBL: Little Flower Parish, Browning MT Name: John Monroe Father: Campbell Monroe Mother: Euphosina ** Born: 12 Feb 1895 Baptized: 21 Jun 1896 By: Rev. P.J. Damiani

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

5 Months old on 1897 census.

BIO:Baptismal Certificate

TBL:Little Flower Parish, Browning, MT Name: Henry Campbell Monroe Father: Campbell Monroe Mother: Friezen Whetford Born: 14 April 1897 Baptized: May 1897 By: Rev. P.P. Prando

TBL:The 1897 Indian Census lists Henry as 5 months old.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: Beatrice Alberta Baird. Beatrice was born about 1913; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Amelia "Milly" Jackson

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Elizabeth "Lizzie" Jackson

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

BIO:Marriage License # 19 11 November 1910 Blackfeet Indian Agency
Browning, Montana

TBL: WILLIAM JACKSON ANNIE LITTLE PLUME
Age 27 Age 18
1/2 Piegan Full Piegan F: William Jackson F: Irvin Little Plume M: Susan Houseman M: Small Woman

TBL:Return of Marriage on 11 November. Married by F.A. Riggin, Minister of Gospel at Browning, MT Witnesses: S. Riggin and Mr. Little Plume.

TBL:Annie died before 1936 when William is listed on the census as a widower. Annie was the sister of John, George and Thomas Little Plume.

BIO:1936 Blackfoot Indian Census Roll:

TBL:#1909 William Jackson Age 45 Widower 1/4 Blackfoot Lives Rocky Boy Res. #1910 Josephine Jackson Age 21 Daughter 3/8 Blkft-Cree " " "

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

William married Annie Little Plume on 11 Nov 1920 in Browning, Glacier Co., MT. Annie was born about 1892; died before 1936. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Marriage License # 193 18 July 1910 Blackfeet Indian Agency
Browning, MT

TBL:THOMAS JACKSON FLORENCE PAMBRUN
Age 24 Age 17 1/2 Piegan Full Piegan F: William Jackson (Scout) F: Morning Plume M: Susan Houseman M: Snake Woman

TBL:The Return of Marriage is not completed.

TBL:Thomas is listed as a widower on the 1923 census.

BIO:1936 Blackfoot Indian Census Roll:

TBL:#1907 Thomas #1 Jackson Age 40 Widower 5/8 Blackfoot #1908 Viola Jackson Daughter Age 17 b. 6-22-1919 9/16 Blackfoot-Cree

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Thomas married Florence Annie Pambrun on 18 Jul 1920. Florence was born about 1893; died before 1923. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Thomas James was living with his mother, Amelia Fox, in 1907.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: Rosella Dusty Bull. Rosella was born about 1904; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Amelia "Mildred" Jackson

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

BIO:Hugh W. Jackson was a veteran of W.W.I and is listed in the 1920 Federal and Blackfoot census as 27 years old and as a "Crippled Soldier."

Bio: on the 1923 Blackfoot Census Roll he is listed with his wife and family:

TBL:Hugh Jackson 1/2 Blackfoot b. 1892 Head (Age 31)
Theo Hamilton 1/2 Blackfoot b. 1899 Wife
LaJenne Jackson 1/2 Blackfoot b. 1920 Daughter
Juanita Jackson 1/2 Blackfoot b. 1921 Daughter

BIO:The 1936 Blackfoot census contains the following listing:

TBL:Hugh Jackson 5/8 Blackfoot Age 46 Head
Maddy White Wife LeJenne Jackson Age 16 Step-son b. 2-2-20 Juanita Jackson 15 Step-daughter Marie Jackson 14 Step-daughter Evelyn Jackson 12 Step-daughter Thelma R. Jackson 10 Step-daughter May Jackson 7 Step-daughter

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: Theo Hamilton. Theo was born about 1899 in Montana; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Hugh married Maddy before 1936. Maddy was born about 1894; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:1943-51 Blackfoot BIA Vital Statistics lists:

TBL: Jackson, Maggie Chauquette b. 12/28/1893 d. 10/10/43
Cause of death: Cancer of Gallbladder.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: John Chauquette. John was born about 1891; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:1936 Blackfoot Indian Census Roll:

TBL:J.W. Show (White) Anna Jackson Age 39 Wife 5/8 Blackfoot John T. Show Age 16 Son 5/16 Blackfoot Joseph W. Show Age 15 Son 5/16 Blackfoot Jerry C. Show Age 5 Son 5/16 Blackfoot

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Annie married J. W. Show about 1918. J. was born est 1894; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Living with mother in 1907; step-father: Peter Coball (1/2 Cree) Listed with father on 1908 Blackfoot Census.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Family/Spouse: Ira Masterman. Ira was born about 1884; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Family/Spouse: Hirem Craeford. Hirem was born about 1886; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Compiled and edited by Allen Alger, Genealogist, Clan Munro Association, USA

Birth:
Estimate: This birth date is an estimate based on the birth dates of nearest relatives or contemporaries, or based on other clues such as christening date, marriage date, birth order, etc.

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Biography of Helen Monroe Sherman in BLACKFEET HERITAGE 1907-1908 A Blackfeet Heritage Program of the Browning Public Schools. Published in 198_.

"Helen Monroe was born December 15, 1908 on Milk River, north of Browning. Her mother was Louise Brinkman and her grandmother was Sharpfaced Woman New Robe. Her great-grandfather was Hugh Monroe and her father was Hugh Monroe II. Her father died when she was 2 years old." *See Frank Munro, Jr. "She had one sister, Hildegarde, and three step brothers. Her step-father, John Kennedy, sold their ranch and moved the family to Heart Butte where he opened Heart Butte's first store. When Helen was about twelve or thirteen years old her mother died and she was sent to boarding school at Pierre, South Dakota. She graduated from Chemawa in 1931, and worked at Fort Hall one year before marrying Bill Edmo, with whom she had three sons. She took her Civil Service exam and worked for the government before retiring in 1969. After her first husband passed away, she married Alex Sherman in 1944." "Helen was employed by Vista from 1970 to 1973. From 1974 to 1979 she worked at the Blackfeet Nursing Home. She has two surviving sons: William D. who will have a PhD degree this spring, and is a former member of the Marine Corps; Jack Edmo is contracting officer for the Shoshone-Bannock Tribe of which he is a member." "She believes the Blackfoot Heritage Program is a good program, but it is a little late. 'A lot of things are already forgotten. Our children don't know about the past - just what they see on television. The majority of the Indian people can't talk their own language because in the boarding schools they were punished if they spoke it. The first thing they would do in boarding school was to cut off your hair. The way people speak Indian now is different. The words have the same meaning, but there is a new twist. The words are shortened.' "The first Indan Days and Rodeo was about 1949. It was put on by a white man. Times have really changed. They used to have an event called steer decorating. The object was to put a ribbon on their horns. A long time ago they never had colored feathers. It used to be all buckskin and original elk teeth. The little boys all wore three braids. The women kept their hair braded and had mink and weasel furs on their braids."

Her name may have been Ellen.

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Family/Spouse: Living. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Helen married William Edmo about 1932. William was born about 1906; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

BIO:Mary Hildegarde Munro is listed on the 1931 Reservation census as married to LaFrombeise, a white man and has daughter Bernice and son Edvina M. On the 1936 census she is now married to Peter Stabs By Mistake, a full blood Blackfoot age 41.

BIO:1926 Blackfoot Census Roll:

TBL:Peter Stabs-By-Mistake Age 41 Full Blackfoot Mary H. (Monroe) Wife Age 26 1/2 Blackfoot Bernice LaFrombeise S-Dau Age 7 1/2 Blackfoot Elvine M. LaFrombeise S-Son Age 4 1/2 Blackfoot

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Mary married La Frombeise about 1928. was born about 1908; died about 1936. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Mary married Peter Stabs By Mistake after 1932. Peter was born about 1895; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Marriage License # 195, Blackfoot Agency, Browning, Montana.

TBL: Joseph Kipp, Jr. Isabella Cook
#522 #1490
Age 23 Age 17
Full Piegan 1/2 Piegan
Father: John Kipp (Dead) Father: George C. Cook
Mother: Calf Woman Mother: Lucy Cook (Dead)
Issued 25th day of July, 1910

Return of Marriage I hereby certify that Joseph Kipp, Jr. and Isabella Cook, known by me to be the persons described in the above license, were married by me on the 7th day of August A.D. 1910, at Holy Family Mission in the State of Montana in compliance with the laws of said State, declaring in our presence to live together permanently as husband and wife. Al Soer, Catholic Priest
Witnesses: Antoine Monroe and Mrs. John Gobert

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Isabelle married Joseph Kipp, Jr. on 7 Aug 1910 in Holy Family Ch, Teton Co., MT. Joseph was born about 1886; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996

Notes:

Ref: Clan Munro files - Munro, Henry Dallas - GEDCOM file HMUNRO.GED dated 9
Oct 1996